Research Methods Flashcards
What types of non sampling are there?
Systematic (ex. every tenth person)
Convenience (who is available)
Purposive (researchers are looking for people with specific knowledge)
What are the three types of sampling?
simple (putting names in a hat; lottery)
stratified (basing it on categories; so many male or female)
cluster (selecting whole groups from population)
What are the four types of knowledge.
- Intuitive
- Logical
- Empirical
- Authoritative
What are the “-ities” of Triangulation?
- Credibility
- Transferability
- Confirmability
- Dependability
What is face validity?
Your instruments appear to be valid to others
What is Content validity?
Measurements represent phenomenon that you are investigating.
What is Criterion validity?
Your tools and instruments are comparable to already well accepted tests and instruments.
What is Construct validity?
The degree to which you define your terms. You’ve constructed your study around definitions to clarify.
What is internal validity?
Your results are showing what you say your showing.
What is research?
An organized and systematic way to find answers to questions.
What are four characteristics of good research questions?
- Clear
- Specific
- Answerable
- Interconnected
Describe the four parameters of a research study.
- General Approach: Synthetic (holistic) or Analytic (understand the whole phenomenon by looking at the separate parts)
- Aim: Deductive (hypothesis testing) or Heuristic (hypothesis forming)
- Control over research process: high or low
- Explicitness of data collection procedures: high or low
What are the four ways of knowing according to Frankel and Wallen Ch1 ?
- Sensory experience
- Expert opinion
- Logic
- Scientific Method
What are the steps of the scientific method?
- Identify a problem
- Define the problem
- Determine what kind of info is needed to solve the problem
- Decide how to organize the information
- Interpret the information
What does “I Can’t Deny Organized Information” represent?
The scientific method: Identify, Clarify, Determine (necessary information), Organize, Interpret.
What are the types of research?
Casual-comparative – looking for a cause Experimental – viewed as most credible Correlation – (not causation) Survey Historical Ethnographic – tends to be long term Action – local; researcher (stakeholders) are involved; thought of as less rigorous.
Which types of research are qualitative?
Ethnographic
Action
Survey (could be quantified)
What is the difference between universalism and co-constructed?
Truth is seen as true for everything or constructed by a group.
What is positivism?
The idea that logic and math are the only sources of truth
What are the elements of an effective research question? (FCMER)
Feasible Clear Meaningful Ethnical Relationships
Rewrite this research question to make it more effective:
How do teachers feel about special classes for the educationally handicapped?
What are some examples of quantitative variables vs. categorical variables?
Quantitative: IQ, Height, Motivation, High Achievement
Categorical: Gender, Types of Animals, OPI, Institutions
What is an emic perspective?
Insider’s perspective
What are different ways to validate qualitative research?
Too Many People Read Books About Pets Triangulation Member checking Long term or repeated observation Peer review Participatory or collaborative State biases of researcher Negative cases
What is a correlation study?
When you only have two variables.
