Research Methods

Question 0

What types of non sampling are there?

Answer 0

Systematic (ex. every tenth person)
Convenience (who is available)
Purposive (researchers are looking for people with specific knowledge)

Question 1

What are the three types of sampling?

Answer 1

simple (putting names in a hat; lottery)
stratified (basing it on categories; so many male or female)
cluster (selecting whole groups from population)

Question 2

What are the four types of knowledge.

Answer 2

1. Intuitive
2. Logical
3. Empirical
4. Authoritative

Question 3

What are the “-ities” of Triangulation?

Answer 3

1. Credibility
2. Transferability
3. Confirmability
4. Dependability

Question 4

What is face validity?

Answer 4

Your instruments appear to be valid to others

Question 5

What is Content validity?

Answer 5

Measurements represent phenomenon that you are investigating.

Question 6

What is Criterion validity?

Answer 6

Your tools and instruments are comparable to already well accepted tests and instruments.

Question 7

What is Construct validity?

Answer 7

The degree to which you define your terms. You’ve constructed your study around definitions to clarify.

Question 8

What is internal validity?

Answer 8

Your results are showing what you say your showing.

Question 9

What is research?

Answer 9

An organized and systematic way to find answers to questions.

Question 10

What are four characteristics of good research questions?

Answer 10

1. Clear
2. Specific
3. Answerable
4. Interconnected

Question 11

Describe the four parameters of a research study.

Answer 11

1. General Approach: Synthetic (holistic) or Analytic (understand the whole phenomenon by looking at the separate parts)
2. Aim: Deductive (hypothesis testing) or Heuristic (hypothesis forming)
3. Control over research process: high or low
4. Explicitness of data collection procedures: high or low

Question 12

What are the four ways of knowing according to Frankel and Wallen Ch1 ?

Answer 12

1. Sensory experience
2. Expert opinion
3. Logic
4. Scientific Method

Question 13

What are the steps of the scientific method?

Answer 13

1. Identify a problem
2. Define the problem
3. Determine what kind of info is needed to solve the problem
4. Decide how to organize the information
5. Interpret the information

Question 14

What does “I Can’t Deny Organized Information” represent?

Answer 14

The scientific method: Identify, Clarify, Determine (necessary information), Organize, Interpret.

Question 15

What are the types of research?

Answer 15

Casual-comparative – looking for a cause
Experimental – viewed as most credible
Correlation – (not causation)
Survey
Historical
Ethnographic – tends to be long term
Action – local; researcher (stakeholders) are involved; thought of as less rigorous.

Question 16

Which types of research are qualitative?

Answer 16

Ethnographic
Action
Survey (could be quantified)

Question 17

What is the difference between universalism and co-constructed?

Answer 17

Truth is seen as true for everything or constructed by a group.

Question 18

What is positivism?

Answer 18

The idea that logic and math are the only sources of truth

Question 19

What are the elements of an effective research question? (FCMER)

Answer 19

Feasible
Clear
Meaningful
Ethnical
Relationships

Question 20

Rewrite this research question to make it more effective:

Answer 20

How do teachers feel about special classes for the educationally handicapped?

Question 21

What are some examples of quantitative variables vs. categorical variables?

Answer 21

Quantitative: IQ, Height, Motivation, High Achievement
Categorical: Gender, Types of Animals, OPI, Institutions

Question 22

What is an emic perspective?

Answer 22

Insider’s perspective

Question 23

What are different ways to validate qualitative research?

Answer 23

Too Many People Read Books About Pets
Triangulation
Member checking
Long term or repeated observation
Peer review
Participatory or collaborative
State biases of researcher
Negative cases

Question 24

What is a correlation study?

Answer 24

When you only have two variables.