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PSYCH 333 - Personality Theory > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 general criteria of personality?

A
  1. Sense of stability, continuity across TIME/SITUATIONS
  2. Casual force from w/in person (INTERNAL CAUSALITY)
  3. DISTINCTIVENESS (describe what a person is like)
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2
Q

Personality is a “_________” organization, inside a person’s psychophysical systems that create “____________ ________” of behaviour, thoughts and feelings

A

Dynamic; characteristic patterns

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3
Q

Personality has “__________”
- patterns & hierarchies

A

Organization

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4
Q

What is the main difference b/w social and personality psychology?

A

Can have competition w/ each other

Personality psych includes…

THOUGHTS, FEELINGS AND BEHAVIOUR

ABC’s

AFFECT, BEHAVIOUR, COGNITIVE

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5
Q

Personality has “_________ & _______ ______”
- it is deterministic (is something/does something)

A

Processes and casual forces

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6
Q

Personality is “_________ & ________”
- neither exclusively mental or neural

A

Psychological and physical

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7
Q

Personality is “_____________ ________”
- recurrences and consistences

A

Individualized patterns

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8
Q

Why should personality account for individual differences?

A

NO two people are exactly alike

Should adresss “where” these differences come from + “why” they important

Ex) twins may appear identical, but they still have their OWN personalities
- we want to CAPTURE their individual differences

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9
Q

What is intrapersonal functioning in personality?

Give an example

A

There are DETERMINISTIC tendencies that exist w/in INDIV
+
They are ELICITIED from SITUATIONAL factors

Ex) The way someone acts while playing a soccer game VS doing an exam is NOT the same way they would act at a funeral

***why the situation has to be taken into account

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10
Q

What is the psychological triad?

Personality psychologists deem these “___________ “(puzzles) worthy of attention and study

A

“How people think, feel and behave”

AKA thoughts, feelings and behaviour
AKA ABC’s

Important independently of each other
————————————————————————-
Inconsistencies

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11
Q

True or false. Personality psychologists (historical/today) have clinical training

A

True

Clinical and personality psych share SAME goal and obligation

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12
Q

True or false. Personality is used to describe different parts of people

A

False

Want to explain a person as a WHOLE

What are we looking at? = basic paradigm

***SOME ARGUE THIS IS NOT POSSIBLE

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13
Q

True or false. Least amount of PHD’s are given in personality psych

A

True

However it is a large area and may be a subfield to many fields

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14
Q

What is the basis of the trait approach?

A

Conceptualization of INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

+

Measurement of INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

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15
Q

What is the basis of the biological approach?

A

Anatomy

Physiology

Genetics

Evolution

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16
Q

What is the basis of the psychoanalytic approach?

A

UNCONCIOUS mind

INTERNAL MENTAL conflict

Freud (less common nowadays)

17
Q

What is the basis of the phenomenological approach?

A

CONSCIOUS awareness and experience

HUMANISTIC psychology

CROSS-CULTURAL psychology

18
Q

What is the basis of the learning and cognitive approach?

A

BEHAVIORISM

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

COGNITIVE PERSONALITY psychology

19
Q

True or false. The trait and biological approach are the best basic approaches to personality

A

False

Not a single approach is better than the other

They each ask DIFF questions and show an overall comprehensive view on personality

20
Q

Each personality approach can be useful for handling its “____” key concerns

Each one typically “_______” the concerns of the others

Give examples of this

A

Own

Ignores
———————————————————-
B.F skinner believed behaviourism explained everything

Freud claimed his ideas were the only truth
(Carl Jung dared to question him)

21
Q

Why would one big theory not work?

A

One big theory might account for some things well, but not explain everything else so well

One big theory that explains everything would not be the best explanation for specific things

22
Q

What is Funders first law?

Give an example

A

GREAT STRENGTHS are usually GREAT WEAKNESSES

Often the OPPOSITE is TRUE as well
————————————————————————-
Personality broad perspective of the person as a whole

Is this overly broad? Overly inclusive?

23
Q

Explain the ted talk video “your child’s annoying trait may just be their greatest talent”

A

Annoying —> strength —> talent

Redirects (parent/teacher) —-> refines/cultivates —> They get older, grows into…

24
Q

What is pigeonholing?

A

Person. Psych. emphasizes how ppl are DIFFERENT from each other

Categorizing/labelling ppl

BUT leads the field to recgonize that ppl are really DIFFERENT

25
Q

What is Funder’s second law?

Think detective…

A

There are NO perfect indicators of personality, there are only CLUES, and clues are always AMBIGUOUS

26
Q

What does “data are clues” mean?

A

B/c personality is HIDDEN inside an individual

Inferences are based on indications that can be OBSERVED

This is like a DETECTIVE SOLVING A MYSTERY

27
Q

What is Funder’s third law?

Think motivational speaker…

A

Something beats NOTHING, TWO times out of THREE

Psychologist should maintain HEALTHY skepticism about possibility that some CLUES might be MISLEADING

28
Q

What is a theory?

A theory should allow you to “______” new information

A theory should be “________” and should be “_______”

A theory should have “_______” (should include as few assumptions as possible)

A

Summary statement, or general principle about a class of events
————————
Predict
————————
Testable; tested
————————
Parsimony

29
Q

Field of personality addresses what two fundamental themes?

A
  1. Existence of DIFFERENCES among people
  2. How to best conceptualize INTRAPERSONAL FUNCTIONING
30
Q

True or false. People tend to favor theories that fit well w/ their intuitions and personal world view

A

True

Even theorists/professionals do this

31
Q

What are the 5 kinds of validity? (CCC,D,F)

A
  1. Construct validity:
    -all-encompassing aka most important
    -reflects “construct” in mind
    THINK OF GIANT “CONSTRUCT” IN MIND, LIKE A PUZZLE- IT IS THE BIG PICTURE
  2. Convergent validity:
    -“converges” on the construct you’re interested in
    PICTURE BUNCH OF ROADS THAT COME TOGETHER (DIFF. WAYS OF MEASURING THE SAME THING
  3. Face validity:
    - simple and intuitive
    - assessment device appears on its “face” - to measure the construct its supposed to measure
    - “looks right”
    IMAGINE SMILEY FACE ON ASSESSMENT TOOL (IS OBVIOUS & INTUITITVE
  4. Criterion validity:
    - tests how well the measure predicts something else its supposed to predict
    - external criterion “manifests”
    - supports construct validity
    THINK CRYSTAL BALL- HELPS PREDICT FUTURE
  5. Discrimination validity:
    - to show it does not measure other qualities its not supposed to
    - major line in fighting 3rd variable problem
    IMAGINE MAGNIFYING GLASS SEPERATING 2 OBJECTS- HELPS DISCRIMINATE
32
Q

What is response set?

What is aquiescence?

Social desirability

= LOSS OF VALIDITY

Note: use mnemonic Silly Researchers Make Trouble In Data

A

Response set
- psych readiness to answer in a particular way \

Aquiescence
-tendency to say “yes”

Silly: Sampling issues
Researchers : Reliability (inconsistent data)
**Make: Measurement bias **
Trouble: Third variables
In: Inconsistent data
Data: Poorly Defined Constructs

PSYCH 333 - Personality Theory (11 decks)

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