Neo-Freudians & Psychosocial Theories Flashcards
Most neo-freudians used the “______” research methods as Freud himself
Or are at least “_________” by him
Same
Influenced
What are 3 common deviations from Freuds theory?
1.
*LESS emphasis on the libido as —> sexual source thought/behaviour
*REINTERPRET libio as GENERAL MOTIV. —> LIFE & CREATIVITY
- *LESS emphasis on UNCONSCIOUS mental processes
*MORE emphasis on CONSCIOUS mental thought - *LESS emphasis on DRIVES & MENTAL LIFE as —> source of difficulties
*FOCUS on interpersonal relations
What are “ego psychologists”?
Interested in the processes driving the PERCEPTION and CONSCIOUS comprehension of REALITY
More current psychology
EGO is to make sense of EVERYTHING
HARD to understand this when a KID
Freud was relatively uninterested in his patients life (interpersonal relations) …
He would be more interested in relationship w/ “_______” as a child
Mother
What was Alfred Adler interested in?
Give an example…
Mnemonic A.S.I.A
Social interest:
- desire to relate (+) and productively w/ others
Organ inferiority:
- ppl are motivated to succeed in adulthood in order to COMPENSATE for what they felt in CHILDHOOD was their WEAK aspect
Masculine protest:
- compensate past desire for adult to act & become POWERFUL
- can be problematic for men
- applies to MEN & WOMEN
Ex) one who feels stupid, will grow up & strive to become a SMART ADULT
Ex) one who feels weak, will grow up & strive to become a STRONG ADULT
What did Carl Jung believe?
Mnemonic S.A.R.A.H
Feud w/ Freud was DRAMATIC/BITTER b/c of Freuds high hopes for Jung
Jungs deviation that most irritated Freud was his interest in MYSTICAL & SPIRITUAL MATTERS
- synchronicity
- trans mental experiences
= Freud was atheist!!!
What is the collective unconscious?
What is “the shadow”?
What is “the mask/persona”?
(Carl Jung)
Collective unconscious:
- all people SHARE certain UNCONSCIOUS ideas b/c of the HISTORY of the human SPECIES
The shadow:
- unknown, trouble, chaos, unaware, project this on others
The persona:
- ones social mask, keep some aspects private or fail to show all aspects
- can be dangerous (become obsessed w/ image = shallow creatures of society)
What are archetypes?
What is the “anama” vs the “animist”?
Examples?
(Carl Jung)
The fundamental images of people that are CONTAINED in the COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS
Show up in dreams, & other symbols
- Anama (“fem side”):
- idea of female in MIND of male - Animist (“masc side”)
- idea of male in MIND of female
= “idealized” responses of another sex
Ex) snakes - sinister, innate human fear?
Ex) earth, mother, hero and devil
What did Karen Horney believe?
Mnenmonic C.A.R.E
Wrote about SELF-ANALYSIS
Disagreed w/ idea of “penis envy” : the desire to be male, Freud viewed women as “damaged creatures”
Adult behaviour based on efforts to OVERCOME anxiety in CHILDHOOD
^ Attempt to AVOID this anxiety cause = NEUROTIC needs
C.A.R.E. = “Coping, Anxiety, Relationships, Equalization”
C reminds you of Horney’s focus on different coping strategies.
A connects to anxiety, especially basic anxiety as a root cause of neurotic behavior.
R stands for the importance of relational dynamics and how early relationships shape psychological development.
E emphasizes her advocacy for equalization of gender roles and the challenge to Freud’s theories on women.
What did Erikson believe?
Mnemonic T.I.M.E.S.A.C.T
Psychosocial development:
- NOT all conflicts take place in the UNCONSCIOUS MIND
- certain BASIC CONFLICTS arise at VARIOUS STAGES of life
Ex) may have to pick b/w 2 diff. activities/carrear/mate
- theory covers throughout LIFE
- ongoing task/opportunity through old age
“T.I.M.E.S. A.C.T.” stands for Trust, Independence, Maturity, Ego, Stability, Achievement, Consolidation, Transcendence.
This mnemonic captures the progression through Erikson’s stages from infancy (Trust vs. Mistrust) to the end of life (Transcendence vs. Finality).
Freudian stage ORAL is what stage Eriksonian?
TRUST VS MISTRUST
Freudian stage ANAL is what stage Eriksonian?
AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND DOUBT
Freudian stage PHALLIC is what stage Eriksonian?
INITIATIVE VS GUILT
Freudian stage LATENCY is what stage Eriksonian?
INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY
Freudian stage GENITAL is what stage Eriksonian?
IDENTITY VS IDENTITY CONFUSION
INTIMACY VS ISOLATION
GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION
INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR
What is object relations theory?
Psychoanalytic study of interpersonal relations, including…
- UNCONSCIOUS images & feelings associated w/ important people (“objects”) in a person’s life
We can only relate to other people via the IMAGES OF THEM in our MIND
These images DO NOT always match reality
Most active idea
What are the 4 principle themes in object relations theory?
- Every relationship has elements of SATIS., PAIN., & FRUST. OR PLEASURE & PAIN
Ex) Melanie Klein: 1st object of importance- infant is mothers breast - MIX of love and hate
Ex) breast not always available - Distinction b/w PARTS of love object & WHOLE person
Ex) loving a part of your partner not their whole
Ex) breast only thing baby loves and thinks about - Psyche is AWARE and DISTURBED by these CONTRADICTORY feelings
- love accompanied by anger, envy, fear and guilt
What did Melanie Klein believe?
One of earliest to attempt psychoanalytic TREATMENT w/ children
Communicated/diagnosed children through PLAY
Observed that children divide/split their important LOVE OBJECTS into 2 parts = one GOOD, and one BAD
Good: pleasure, Bad: want to destroy
*Paranoid position: want to DESTROY the BAD, FEARS being destroyed by it
*Depressive position: want to PROTECT the GOOD, FEAR losing it
What did D. W Winnicott believe?
“Niffle”:
- transitional object
- special blanket, or stuffed animal
- child uses to BRIDGE gap b/w private fantasy & reality
- special, magical emotional meaning
- over time, object LOSES its special meaning
Ex) seen in adults = family photos (first thing ppl say they would grab in a fire)
What is the “false self”?
The self we put on to PLEASE other people
Normal and even necessary
Serves to protect the TRUE SELF by keeping it INVISIBLE
Want to MINIMIZE discrepancies b/w TRUE & FALSE selves to help RATIONAL resources of the mind work through IRRATIONAL DEFENSES
What is attachment theory?
What did John Bowlby think?
Draws on psychoanalytic thought to describe development & importance of HUMAN ATTACHMENT to EMOTIONALLY SIGNIFICANT OTHER PPL
John Bowlby:
- humans evolved fear of being ALONE
- motivates desire for PROTECTION from someone w/ an interest in our SURVIVAL/WELL-BEING
What did Mary Ainsworth believe?
Developed the “strange situation paradigm”
3 types of infants:
1. Secure
2. Anxious-ambivalent
3. Anxious- avoidant
Attachment styles have a self-fufilling nature
Describe a secure attachment style
Confident, happy, greet mom w/ happiness and is easily comforted)
Self-fulfillment & likeable
Describe an anxious-ambivalent attachment style
Clingy w/ teachers, peers and caregivers
Inconsistent and chaotic, not easily calmed when mother returns
Describe an anxious-avoidant attachment style
Rejected in childhood
Cold towards teachers and parents
Ignore the parent when they come back
Hazan & Shaver describe what type of 3 romantic attachment styles?
Secure
Anxious-ambivalent
Avoidant
