Neo-Freudians & Psychosocial Theories

Question 1

Most neo-freudians used the “______” research methods as Freud himself

Or are at least “_________” by him

Answer 1

Same

Influenced

Question 2

What are 3 common deviations from Freuds theory?

Answer 2

1.
*LESS emphasis on the libido as —> sexual source thought/behaviour
*REINTERPRET libio as GENERAL MOTIV. —> LIFE & CREATIVITY

2. *LESS emphasis on UNCONSCIOUS mental processes
   *MORE emphasis on CONSCIOUS mental thought
3. *LESS emphasis on DRIVES & MENTAL LIFE as —> source of difficulties
   *FOCUS on interpersonal relations

Question 3

What are “ego psychologists”?

Answer 3

Interested in the processes driving the PERCEPTION and CONSCIOUS comprehension of REALITY

More current psychology

EGO is to make sense of EVERYTHING

HARD to understand this when a KID

Question 4

Freud was relatively uninterested in his patients life (interpersonal relations) …

He would be more interested in relationship w/ “_______” as a child

Answer 4

Mother

Question 5

What was Alfred Adler interested in?

Give an example…

Mnemonic A.S.I.A

Answer 5

Social interest:
- desire to relate (+) and productively w/ others

Organ inferiority:
- ppl are motivated to succeed in adulthood in order to COMPENSATE for what they felt in CHILDHOOD was their WEAK aspect

Masculine protest:
- compensate past desire for adult to act & become POWERFUL
- can be problematic for men
- applies to MEN & WOMEN

Ex) one who feels stupid, will grow up & strive to become a SMART ADULT
Ex) one who feels weak, will grow up & strive to become a STRONG ADULT

Question 6

What did Carl Jung believe?

Mnemonic S.A.R.A.H

Answer 6

Feud w/ Freud was DRAMATIC/BITTER b/c of Freuds high hopes for Jung

Jungs deviation that most irritated Freud was his interest in MYSTICAL & SPIRITUAL MATTERS
- synchronicity
- trans mental experiences
= Freud was atheist!!!

Question 7

What is the collective unconscious?

What is “the shadow”?

What is “the mask/persona”?

(Carl Jung)

Answer 7

Collective unconscious:
- all people SHARE certain UNCONSCIOUS ideas b/c of the HISTORY of the human SPECIES

The shadow:
- unknown, trouble, chaos, unaware, project this on others

The persona:
- ones social mask, keep some aspects private or fail to show all aspects
- can be dangerous (become obsessed w/ image = shallow creatures of society)

Question 8

What are archetypes?

What is the “anama” vs the “animist”?

Examples?

(Carl Jung)

Answer 8

The fundamental images of people that are CONTAINED in the COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Show up in dreams, & other symbols

1. Anama (“fem side”):
   - idea of female in MIND of male
2. Animist (“masc side”)
   - idea of male in MIND of female
   = “idealized” responses of another sex

Ex) snakes - sinister, innate human fear?
Ex) earth, mother, hero and devil

Question 9

What did Karen Horney believe?

Mnenmonic C.A.R.E

Answer 9

Wrote about SELF-ANALYSIS

Disagreed w/ idea of “penis envy” : the desire to be male, Freud viewed women as “damaged creatures”

Adult behaviour based on efforts to OVERCOME anxiety in CHILDHOOD
^ Attempt to AVOID this anxiety cause = NEUROTIC needs

C.A.R.E. = “Coping, Anxiety, Relationships, Equalization”
C reminds you of Horney’s focus on different coping strategies.
A connects to anxiety, especially basic anxiety as a root cause of neurotic behavior.
R stands for the importance of relational dynamics and how early relationships shape psychological development.
E emphasizes her advocacy for equalization of gender roles and the challenge to Freud’s theories on women.

Question 10

What did Erikson believe?

Mnemonic T.I.M.E.S.A.C.T

Answer 10

Psychosocial development:
- NOT all conflicts take place in the UNCONSCIOUS MIND
- certain BASIC CONFLICTS arise at VARIOUS STAGES of life
Ex) may have to pick b/w 2 diff. activities/carrear/mate
- theory covers throughout LIFE
- ongoing task/opportunity through old age

“T.I.M.E.S. A.C.T.” stands for Trust, Independence, Maturity, Ego, Stability, Achievement, Consolidation, Transcendence.

This mnemonic captures the progression through Erikson’s stages from infancy (Trust vs. Mistrust) to the end of life (Transcendence vs. Finality).

Question 11

Freudian stage ORAL is what stage Eriksonian?

Answer 11

TRUST VS MISTRUST

Question 12

Freudian stage ANAL is what stage Eriksonian?

Answer 12

AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND DOUBT

Question 13

Freudian stage PHALLIC is what stage Eriksonian?

Answer 13

INITIATIVE VS GUILT

Question 14

Freudian stage LATENCY is what stage Eriksonian?

Answer 14

INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY

Question 15

Freudian stage GENITAL is what stage Eriksonian?

Answer 15

IDENTITY VS IDENTITY CONFUSION

INTIMACY VS ISOLATION

GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION

INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR

Question 16

What is object relations theory?

Answer 16

Psychoanalytic study of interpersonal relations, including…
- UNCONSCIOUS images & feelings associated w/ important people (“objects”) in a person’s life

We can only relate to other people via the IMAGES OF THEM in our MIND

These images DO NOT always match reality

Most active idea

Question 17

What are the 4 principle themes in object relations theory?

Answer 17

1. Every relationship has elements of SATIS., PAIN., & FRUST. OR PLEASURE & PAIN
   Ex) Melanie Klein: 1st object of importance- infant is mothers breast
2. MIX of love and hate
   Ex) breast not always available
3. Distinction b/w PARTS of love object & WHOLE person
   Ex) loving a part of your partner not their whole
   Ex) breast only thing baby loves and thinks about
4. Psyche is AWARE and DISTURBED by these CONTRADICTORY feelings
   - love accompanied by anger, envy, fear and guilt

Question 18

What did Melanie Klein believe?

Answer 18

One of earliest to attempt psychoanalytic TREATMENT w/ children

Communicated/diagnosed children through PLAY

Observed that children divide/split their important LOVE OBJECTS into 2 parts = one GOOD, and one BAD

Good: pleasure, Bad: want to destroy

*Paranoid position: want to DESTROY the BAD, FEARS being destroyed by it

*Depressive position: want to PROTECT the GOOD, FEAR losing it

Question 19

What did D. W Winnicott believe?

Answer 19

“Niffle”:
- transitional object
- special blanket, or stuffed animal
- child uses to BRIDGE gap b/w private fantasy & reality
- special, magical emotional meaning
- over time, object LOSES its special meaning

Ex) seen in adults = family photos (first thing ppl say they would grab in a fire)

Question 20

What is the “false self”?

Answer 20

The self we put on to PLEASE other people

Normal and even necessary

Serves to protect the TRUE SELF by keeping it INVISIBLE

Want to MINIMIZE discrepancies b/w TRUE & FALSE selves to help RATIONAL resources of the mind work through IRRATIONAL DEFENSES

Question 21

What is attachment theory?

What did John Bowlby think?

Answer 21

Draws on psychoanalytic thought to describe development & importance of HUMAN ATTACHMENT to EMOTIONALLY SIGNIFICANT OTHER PPL

John Bowlby:
- humans evolved fear of being ALONE
- motivates desire for PROTECTION from someone w/ an interest in our SURVIVAL/WELL-BEING

Question 22

What did Mary Ainsworth believe?

Answer 22

Developed the “strange situation paradigm”

3 types of infants:
1. Secure
2. Anxious-ambivalent
3. Anxious- avoidant

Attachment styles have a self-fufilling nature

Question 23

Describe a secure attachment style

Answer 23

Confident, happy, greet mom w/ happiness and is easily comforted)

Self-fulfillment & likeable

Question 24

Describe an anxious-ambivalent attachment style

Answer 24

Clingy w/ teachers, peers and caregivers

Inconsistent and chaotic, not easily calmed when mother returns

Question 25

Describe an anxious-avoidant attachment style

Answer 25

Rejected in childhood

Cold towards teachers and parents

Ignore the parent when they come back

Question 26

Hazan & Shaver describe what type of 3 romantic attachment styles?

Answer 26

Secure

Anxious-ambivalent

Avoidant