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PSYCH 333 - Personality Theory > Psychoanalytic Perspective > Flashcards

Psychoanalytic Perspective Flashcards

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1
Q

The psychoanalytic perspective has “__________,” and is maybe even viewed as “________”

What did Freud argue?

A

Controversy; dangerous

Argued ppl didn’t like the ideas of Copernicus and Darwin at first either

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2
Q

Freud worked to establish psychoanalysis as a “________”

He believed in the dynamic interplay of “_________” factors, and to bring these to the “________” of conscious awareness and this is dealt w/ “__________” w/ help of psychoanalyst

A

Science

Unconscious; surface; rationally

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3
Q

What are the 4 KEY ideas of psychoanalysis (according to Freud)?

A
  1. Psychic determinism
    - everything that happens in persons mind = has a cause
    - nothing is accidental b/c contradictions of mind can be resolved
    = mental processes are unconscious
  2. Psychic conflict
    - b/c mind independent & distinct parts = can conflict w/ self
  3. Psychic energy
    - energy that makes the mind WORK
    - fixed & finite amount available all the time
    - psych impulse not expressed = builds up over time
  4. Internal structure
    - 3 parts of mind:
    (can fxn independently)
  5. ID - irrational & emotional
  6. EGO: rational
  7. SUPEREGO: moral
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4
Q

What is compromise formation?

A

EGO’s main job is to find MIDDLE COURSE b/w competing demands of motivation, morality and practicality

^^ the many things someone wants at the SAME time

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5
Q

What are Freuds 2 FUNDAMENTAL motives?

A
  1. Libido (life drive)
    - aka “sexual drive”
    - fund. force creation, protection, enjoy. of life
  2. Thanatos (death drive)
    - ppl engage good deal of destructive activity = that’s not rational
    - everybody dies
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6
Q

What 3 aspects do the psychological development stages have according to Freud?

A
  1. Physical focus
    - energy concentrated & gratification obtained
  2. Psychological theme
    - related to physical focus & demand on child from world
  3. Adult character type
    - usually “fixated” or some degree of stalled
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7
Q

What is the “oral stage”?

Physical focus?

Psych theme?

Adult personality?

A

Birth —> 18 months

Physical focus
- mouth, lips and tongue (life force & pleasure)

Psych theme
- dependency
- ppl either provide, or not…
*Needs fulfilled = move onto next stage
*Needs unfulfilled/fulfilled too fast = problems arise

Adult personality
*NOT IDEAL = indepen. ppl who refuse help/passive indiv.
LEADS
= obsession, discomfort, fund. irrational about issues related to dependability/passivity
*IDEAL PPL = accepts help, not dependent & understand ppl make their own outcomes

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8
Q

What is the “anal stage”?

Physical focus?

Psych theme?

Adult personality?

A

18 months —> 3 years (develops ego)

  1. Physical focus
    - anus/elimitative organs
    - sensation “having to go” & dealing w/ them appropriately
    - increased demands = obedience & self-control
  2. Psych theme
    - self-control & obedience
    *Problems = unreasonable expect. * never demand control
    *Child must learn = control oneself & extent controlled by authority
  3. Adult personality
    *NOT IDEAL= obsessive, compulsive, stingy,
    orderly, rigid, and subservient to authority
    OR
    = no self-control, chaotic, disorganized & need to defy
    authority
    *IDEAL PPL = determine how/what degree organize life & authority to achieve goals
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9
Q

What is the “phallic stage”?

Physical focus?

Psych theme?

Adult personality?

A

3-4 years until approx. 7 (develop superego AKA morality)

  1. Physical focus
    - coming to terms w/ sex differences
  2. Psych theme
    - gender identity & sexuality
    - 2 extremes:
    *underdeveloped OR overdeveloped (phallic type)
    - identification and taking on parents same-sex attitudes = makes up SUPEREGO
  3. Adult personality
    *NOT IDEAL = underdeveloped = lacks moral code
    *NOT IDEAL = overdeveloped = rigid moral code
    *IDEAL PPl = in the middle
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10
Q

What is the “latency period”?

Physical focus?

Psych theme?

Adult personality?

A

6/7 -12 years of age (ends w/ puberty)

Physical focus/psych theme/adult personality
- “psych rest” allows to focus on childhood tasks
- allows child to learn what they will need in adult life

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11
Q

What is the “genital stage”?

Physical focus?

Psych theme?

Adult personality?

A

During adolescence, achievement is adulthood

  1. Physical focus
    - genitals
    - genitals NOT as organ, but as source NEW life/reproduction
    - NOT everyone can obtain, have to STRIVE to obtain/achieve
  2. Psych theme
    - maturity
    - add something constructive to life/society
    - take on adult reponsibilities
  3. Adult personality
    *NOT IDEAL = to not love AND/OR to not work (one or the other) = incomplete person
    *IDEAL PPL = need to love AND to work = psych well-adjusted and balanced = truly mature person has achieved both
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12
Q

What are the 2 types of thinking according to Freud?

A
  1. Secondary process thinking:
    - what we think of when we think of the word “think”
    - rational, prudent = delays/redirects gratification
    - NOT seen in babies or toddlers
    - develops only as ego begins to develop
    *Believed this played LESS important role
  2. Primary process thinking:
    - STRANGE way of thinking & interesting/powerful/important
    - way unconcious mind operates
    - SEEN in toddlers & adults
    - doesn’t allow for “no” = want immediate gratification, irrational and illogic
    Uses:
    - condensation: repressed thoughts return in hidden ways aka. dreams
    - displacement: redirect forbidden impulse —> safer target
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13
Q

Why do we not want to/good we don’t know EVERYTHING about ourselves?

What important role does the ego play as a defense mechanism?

A

No, if we knew everything we would probably be overwhelmed and shut down

= ego’s role is to keep disturbing parts of mental life safely locked INSIDE the UNCONSCIOUS sectors of the mind

= uses dense mechanisms to keep certain thoughts/impulses hidden = AVOID ANXIETY (to an extent)

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14
Q

What are the 8 common defense mechanisms?

Give examples for each one…

A
  1. Denial:
    - 1st line of defense
    - prevent perception of source of anxiety
    Ex) someone dies = have denial
  2. Repression:
    - “manage to not think about it”
    - prevent recall that reminds one of source of anxiety
  3. Reaction formation:
    - “defend your peace of mind”
    - protect forbidden thought/impulse & instigate opposite
    Ex) person concerned bout their moral character —> write book on how they are “virtuous”
  4. Projection:
    - “develop idea about self —> project onto others”
    - attribute unwanted impulse about self to other ppl
    Ex) one who fears they are unintelligent —> believe others are dumb
  5. Rationalization:
    -“this had to be done…”
    - create seemingly logic reason for doing something shameful/bad
    Ex) “have to be cruel to be kind”
  6. Intellectualization:
    - translate threatening sit. —-> cold, intellect terms
    Ex) doctor saying patient is “expiring” instead of “dying”
  7. Displacement:
    - redirect forbidden impulse —> safer target
    Ex) frusterated at work —> kick wall not boss
  8. Sublimation:
    ***NOTE: only one w/out downside!!!!!! (safe outlet)
    - redirect base impulse —> constructive direction
    Ex) person likes to cut things open —> becomes surgeon
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15
Q

What is parapraxis?

A

Commonly called a “Freudian slip”

LEAKAGE from the UNCONSCIOUS mind

Manifesting as mistake, accident, omission or memory lapse
= Freud was DETERMINIST believed “everything has a cause,” this slips cannot be at random

Can be HARMFUL

Can be handled with jokes or humor

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16
Q

What is “forgetting” according to Freud?

Give an example…

A

Manisfestion of an UNCONSCIOUS conflict REVEALING ITSLEF in your behaviour

Suppression/repression in your UNCONCIOUS mind = slip messes up something in your life

There’s always a REASON on why you forgot something

Ex) date - anxious about it = forgets about it = saves immediate anxiety = long run may become a social problem

Ex) ^^^ same with forgetting about an exam

17
Q

Slips are “____________” actions caused by the leakage of “_________” impulses

May happen in “________” and can be a failure to suppress what one “________” wishes to say

Give an example of this…

What happens the more someone denies a slip?

A

Unintended; suppressed

Speech; privately

The more denial of a slip —> the MORE a Freudian will suspect a POWERFUL/IMPORTANT IMPULSE behind it

Ex) saying a past significant others same when with your current significant other

Sleep, fatigue, or inattention = does NOT cause the slip a Freudian would argue

18
Q

What was the youtube video about the Freudian slip in the show “Friends”?

A

Saying the wrong name at the wrong time = embarrassing

But also = problematic

Ross says wrong name at alter (Racheal - past girlfriend)

New bride Emily does NOT believe it was for “no reason”
Freud would likely AGREE w/ this ^^

19
Q

What are 2 goals of psychoanalytic therapy according to Freud?

A
  1. Use VARIOUS CLUES to REVEAL the contents of the UNCONSCIOUS mind
  2. Resolve conflicts by bringing them to the OPEN (rational part) of the EGO to deal w/ them AKA did believe in the power of LOGIC
20
Q

Psychoanalytic therapy can even be “________” or “________”

People often feel “______ ________” in the short run
What do psychologists call this? ^^^

A

Painful; dangerous

More anxious
Psychologists call this “the flight from health” ^^

21
Q

What is the therapeutic alliance?

A

Emotional bond b/w therapist and client

22
Q

What is transference?

A

Tendency to bring ways of thinking, feeling and behaving that DEVELOP w/ someone —> INTO a relationship w/ someone else

23
Q

What is countertransference?

A

When the therapist DEVELOPS feelings for the patient as well

24
Q

What problem did Freud see occuring during transference and countertransference?

A

Sexual tension b/w the client and therapist

BUT the therapist has to be the one to RESIST these temptations

25
Q

Psychoanalytic therapy is often critiqued for its “____” cure rate and that therapy can last for “_____” years

A

Low; many

26
Q

True or false. In the end Freud was uninterested in psychoanalysis as a medical/therapeutic technique

A

True

Saw its IMPORTANCE as a TOOL for understanding HUMAN NATURE & CULTURE

27
Q

What does recent evidence show in psychoanalysis?

A

Shows it in a BETTER light

Summary of a study w/ 1000 ppl long-term psychotherapy worked (96%) BETTER than other treatments of short-term

= for COMPLEX mental disorders

28
Q

Freud viewed the mind as a “___________” map

What did this mean?

A

Topographical

Viewed mind like an iceberg

Above water (tip): conscious part of mind

Larger part (just under water): outside awareness, some part of it is the preconscious

Vast majority (deep under water): unconscious

29
Q

What is the ID according to Freud?

A

Functions entirely in UNCONSCIOUS

Closely tied to basic BIOLOGICAL processes

All PSYCHIC ENERGY comes through it

Follows the “pleasure principle”

Satisfies needs through “primary processing”:
- forming an UNCONSCIOUS mental image of an object/event that would SATISFY the NEED

Experience of having that image is called ^ “wish fulfillment”

30
Q

What is the EGO according to Freud?

A

Functions in CONSCIOUS & UNCONSCIOUS

Evolves from id and delays its discharge of “psychic energy” so that its impulses are expressed EFFECTIVELY
= SELF-CONTROL
= DELAY OF GRATIFICATION

Weighs the RISKS before acting:
*risk TOO high —> think of another way
*risk NOT SAFE —> delay it to later or safer time

Functions according to “reality principle”:
- taking EXTERNAL reality into account w/ INTERNAL needs & urges
- does “reality testing”

Uses “secondary processing”:
- matching UNCONSCIOUS image of tension-reducing object to a REAL OBJECT

31
Q

What is the SUPEREGO according to Freud?

A

Acts at all 3 levels of CONSCIOUSNESS (think the iceberg diagram)

Last to develop & develops from resolving a PARTICULAR conflict during development

Embodiment of PARENTAL & SOCIETAL VALUES (reflect values from parents)

Taking in values from PARENTS = INTROJECTION

2 subsystems:
1. Ego ideal-
- rules for good behaviour/excellence
2. Conscious:
- rules which behaviour partners disapprove/punish

3 goals:
1. PREVENT any id impulse that would be frowned upon
2. Force ego to act MORALLY, rather than rationally
3. Guide person towards PERFECTION in thought, word & deed (“civilizing” influence”)

32
Q

What is catharsis?

A

The process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions

Freud saw this release in the form of AGGRESSION

PSYCH 333 - Personality Theory (8 decks)

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