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PSYCHOLOGY GCSE > research methods > Flashcards

research methods Flashcards

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1
Q

aim

A

the purpose of the study

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2
Q

dependent varaibe

A

thing that u are measuring

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3
Q

independent variabke

A

the thung that is chnagung

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4
Q

operalistaional

A

making the variables more precise and accuarte

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5
Q

hypotheus

A

testable statemnt and a realtionship between two variables

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6
Q

alterantive hypotheus

A

there is a relationship between variables

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7
Q

null

A

there is no relationship

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8
Q

what is the acuse and effect

A

the only that chnages dv is due to the iv

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9
Q

what are the EVS

A

is an extra variable that affects the chnage of the dv if ot controlled

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10
Q

what are the standarused procedures

A

giving the same informationation and instructions to everyone so the EVS are controlled .

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11
Q

what is randoministaion

A

using a chance a random method to reduce bias

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12
Q

whta is the target population

A

goup of beng people being studied

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13
Q

what is the sample

A

sample can be chosen from the target population . the group of people that the resaerxher intrested in

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14
Q

random sampling

A

every person has an equal chance of ebing selected
takes alpt of effeort
reduces bias

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15
Q

oppurtunity sampling

A

selecting the partciapnt who are avaialbe
less time so quiic
no genarlistaion

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16
Q

systematic

A

using a numerical formual
reduces bias
but not that repressantive

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17
Q

satrified

A

selecting particpant in relation to their frequnce of target population
the most represenatuve
takes a lot of time

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18
Q

labortory

A

is a controlled enviroment , it controls extraneous variables and uses standarised procedures so that proces hugh valiidty resukts .
one weakness is particoant know they are being studies and so they might chnage their behavior so thta produces less valuable

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19
Q

field experiment

A

is when the iv is manipulated by the reaercher
one strength is that it better tahn labartory because particapnt dont know they are being studies ….
one weakness us that controlling the extranus can be diffcult also there is lots of ethicsl issues

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20
Q

natural experiment

A

is when the iv is not manipulated by the experimenter
and so one strength it produces valid result as it involves real world variable
one wekaness is that there is less oppurtunites so less chnaces of doung tje experminets …

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21
Q

what is exoermiental designs

A

is the differnt ways the participant are organised in relation to the condition of the experiment

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22
Q

indepernt group

A

is sectioned into two group each group is exposed to a differnt level of the iv
order effects is not a problem but
partaicpant varaiable can be a problem …
this can be fixed by allocaton to condition ….

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23
Q

repeated measures

A

is wheb all the particpant are exposed to all of the iv
paraticpant variable is not a problem …
requires few partcipants
order effects is a problem so then they use counterbalamcing …

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24
Q

matched pairs

A

each perosn from the pair is exposed to a ocndition
order effect is not a probelms
but it takes a lot of time

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25
Q

what is an ethical issue

A

is the conflict in the particpats rughts and the valuable results that the researcher wnats to get

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26
Q

what is informed conesent and how can u deal with it

A

informed consent is when the particaont shoulkd know the purpose of te study and what about
the researcher should give them a letter
…

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27
Q

deception

A

particpant hsould be lied or misled by the aims of te study …

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28
Q

privacy

A

partcipant shoud able to control the information about tjemsevels

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29
Q

confidentality

A

the data should be protected and particpant shpuld stay annoynum

30
Q

what is the BPS guidelines

A

its a code conducted for UK psusholgiscts to follow

31
Q

what are the two types of data that we can collect

A

quantitauve and qualitative

32
Q

what is quantitave

A

the data is in numbers …

33
Q

qualittaive

A

the data is in form of words

34
Q

A03 for quantiatve

A

one strength easy to analyse , draw conclusions easier , can be interpreted into graphs

one wekaness it lacks qualittaive and depth of thhe particpant thoughts so its not that valid

35
Q

A03 FOR QUALITATIEV

A

one strength is that it has high valididty and so it has in depth of thoughts and feelings

one wekaness its hard to analyse as you can get so much infor

36
Q

what is primary data

A

primary data is data obtained by first hand the researhxer dies eveyrthung

37
Q

seconday data

A

the data is second hand it akreadsy exists

38
Q

A03 for primary

A

one strength is that it suits the aims of the researcher ….

one weakness is that takes alot of time …

39
Q

A03 fir secondary

A

one strentg it doesnt take a lot of time …

one weakness it odesnt suit the aims of the reaesrcer

40
Q

what is correlations

A

the reelationsip between two co variables

41
Q

correlation can be interpreted in wich graph

A

scatter digram

42
Q

A03 for coreltaion

A

one strength uts good point for reaserch and future deas …

one weakness is that it deosnt show hoe the ci varauavbe are relted

43
Q

what is an interview

A

its a face to face converstaion between the interviee and the intervie

44
Q

types of interviwew

A

semi structues
structured
unstructured

45
Q

intervews is an open or closed data

A

an open it can be a range of answers

46
Q

A03 INTERVIEWS

A

one strength it give information to people who find it ard to express their emotuion …

one wekaness is that some people may feel uncomfortablee

47
Q

what is a questionaiee

A

its like s surevey with closed question a fixed range of answers and it produces quantiavte dtaa

48
Q

A03 for questioniere

A

one strength it obtain information faster

one weakness is that people may not answer truthfully …

49
Q

what is a case study

A

its an indepth invertsigation about a perosn or something

they are longituidnal theyw nat to see how the behaviour chnages over time
and produces lots of qualittaive data

50
Q

A03 for case studies

A

one strength the reaserachers a reopen minded ….

one wekaness its subjetve …

51
Q

whats an observation

A

where the researcher record and observes the pasrtcipant behaviotu

52
Q

whats natuarl observation

A

where t would ormally occcur and n chnage

53
Q

contorlled

A

the researcher chnages some things

54
Q

covert vs overt

A

covert : partciant are not aware
overt ; partcipant are aware

55
Q

partcipant vs non partcipant

A

partcipant is when the raesercher insert himself with the group

non partcpant is wjere the reaesrcher exceuded himself

56
Q

what is categories of behavior

A

is when u have a targegetd behavor is then split into units so they canbe observed

57
Q

interobserver reliablity

A

is an agreement between two researchers to look at the same sequnece of behavior

58
Q

A03 FOR OBSERVATION STDUIES

A

one strenth it has high validity . the partcipant will nto chnage thei behavior and so that produces a higher validity eslts than other

one wekaness is that ethical issues …

59
Q

what is reliabilty

A

its te meaure of consistency

60
Q

does qualituve or quantitve tend to be reliable

A

quantitave tends to be more reliable like types of eperiment ( labortory experiment )

61
Q

why does labortory experiment viewed as a reliable method

A

as its very controlled it can be repeated very easily
uses stamdarised procedures
controls EV

62
Q

why does fied experiment is not reliable

A

loses control over the EV so reliablity can be diffcut

63
Q

how does reliabilty works in interviewes and quetsionere

A

interviews : the same perosn needs to ansswer the same answer when they were questioned before if not then its not reliable

questionaie because its closed questione it will be more reliable

64
Q

reliabilty in observation studies

A

interobserver reliabilty : is whentwo researchers have an agreeemnet to look at the same sequece of behavior

65
Q

what about reiabulity in qualittave

A

qualitave are less reliable
case studes are diffult to repeated even with unstructured interviews

66
Q

what is valididty

A

the results “ refelcts “ to whats really out there

67
Q

sampling methods in validity ?

A

the representaiveness sis low in opuuritunity sampling but hig in starified sampling

68
Q

experimental desgns - validity

A

repeated meaures should be dealth with counterbalacing

independent groups : allocation to conditin

69
Q

validity in quanitiavtve

A

laborotry there s high control but the parcipants awarness that they are being studdied chalnge validity

field can sometimes lose control over EV but it seen more natural

questionieress have a low validity

70
Q

qualittauve methods validity

A

case studies are tend to be valid as they give a deeper insight and thoughts
but can be dffucluty to analyse

PSYCHOLOGY GCSE (8 decks)

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