memory Flashcards
visulal
memory stored in the brain how you see thing
encoding
is the chnage of form of information so it can be stored in your brain
semnatic
the meaning of words
acoustic
hearing the words
storge
the information is stpored in the brain for a leter retrieval
retrieval
brung back the information for a ltter use
recognition
having a lost of option
cued recall
having clues
free recall
no clues and options
whats baddleys study
his aim to identify the type of encoding for STM and LTM
particpant had to learn a list pf word , they were accoustically similar and dismilar and semtically similar …
one group had to recall the word immedaitely where the other thry had to recall after 20 minutes
similar were poorly recalled than disimilar and so as for semnatically so he cpnclused that STM is acoustically and LTM is semnatically
AO3 for baddleys stufy
one strength its weel controlled
one weakness its an artifical task ….
what are the differnet types of encoding of LTM
episodic , semnatic and procedural
episodic memory
person events happened in your lives
semnatic
knowlwge information about the world
procedural
muslce memory _ non declarive cant explain it consiously
A03 for LTM
one strength brain scans showed differnt part of the brain with secific processs ….
one strength with supposrt of amnesiac patients ….
multistore model _ sesnsory memory
focus on the enviormetn and the stimulus has less than half a second duration
has high capacity
if you payed attention encodes to STM
STM
capacity is 5 to 9 items
duration is less than 30 seconds
encoding acoustucaly
LTM
CAPACITY UNLIMITTEED
duration unlimmitted
encoding semantically
A03 mlti store model
one strength suppoerted eveidnece … baddleyyy
one wekaness over simiplistic
what was murdocks study
he wanted to see if the number of word we can rember will be affecred in memory
particpant heard a list of wrods they ahd to recall
he found out when particpant recalled it detemrined the posistion of the word in the list
primacy effect higher recall in the first few wrds
recencey effect highest recall in the last few words
serial position effct > the posisyoion of te word in the list detemines the recall
A03 for murdock
one strength supposrted by amnesica patient … thye cant store ltm they dont show a primacy effect byt they dp show recency effect shpws the primacy efccet is related to LTM
one wekaness artifical task ….
what was barletts study of the ghosts
his aim wanted to seee if he used a story from diifernt culture willl be affected by emory
he used the serial reproductiion where he read the story and told the particpant to reprocue after 15 minutes , he got new version of the story and kept coolecting data
he found out that the story was eoteed and soe phrases were change fit in thier cultual expecttaions
he consluded that we reconsturct our emmory that the gaps are filled using our cuktural and social knwolegev
A03 Barletts study
one wekanesss ethical isuues participant didnt know they were eing studied….
one wekaness that his sample was amde out of epople he knew like his partcipamt friwnds collages …. so its not that represnetive to ther real world
what the theory of reconstuctuve meory
is that the memory is an active process as its contaly chnagng and being affected by our cultur and social expectaon
memory is innacurate as we are filling in the gaps and reconstructing
the exoecttaion and the knwolege we have affcetes the way we interpret the inforomation
we know the overallmeaning but we make an effor to undertnad and put it in our own words
A03 of reconstructive memeory theory
one wekaness it suggested that all memeores are inncauarte , the meorores thata re important to ypu ….
one strength it explain issues with eye witness testimory . he showed that memory isnt always accurate and we have these rigid streiotypes so that reduces innocent people being sent to prison .
what are the factors that affcet the accuracy of memory
interfernece , context and false memory
what is inereference
is when two memories compete with eachother leading to other memory beng forgiteen that happens often when the two memories are similar
what is proactive
is when past memories interfer with recent memories
retroactive
is when recent memories interfer with past memories
what is the interferece study was about
aim to see if a second activty causes an effect in the accuarcy of memory . particpnat has to 10 word list until 100 percent recall and then they were given another list with : antonyms , numbers sysnoyms . they were asked to recall 10 word list . they found out the second list causes an interfernce mostly the synoyms . a second activity does affect the accuracy of memoy .
A03 for interference
one strength ut was very weel controlled . theyreduced order effcts by counterbalancing ….
one weakness it was an artifical task . they were asked to recall words ..
what is context
is the situation in which something happens
what was context study baddley
to see if a chnage of context affect the accuracy of recall when. diver had to learn and recall word list in 4 of these condition . they found out the context they were similar had a higher accurcay of recall then different ones . to conclude context will act as a cue to enchnace the reacll of emory .
A03 for context
one wekaness its an artifical tasks . divers had to learn word list and recall tem whic was not an everydya task also it was veyr unusal task as it was not norall for divers to go on water
one weakness suggested alwsys change in contect reduces accuarcy of emory ….a researcher found out …
what is false memory
false memory is memory that it amy seem true but ddint happen
what was the stud for false memory
to see if false memory occurs through sggestions . pasrtcipant they had 4 childhood stories 3 of them were true and one was fake . 6 out of the 24 partcipant reacleed the false memory and 19 out of the 24 particpant identified the false memory . false memory does occu through suggestions and decreases the accuracy of recall .
A03 false memory
one strength it has important implication for eye witness testimory . the way the police ask question interpet false meory …
one weakness it raises eithcial issues . the people still might feel a lingerging sensaton that it may have happened
