research methods Flashcards
Name the three experimental designs
repeated measures
matched pairs
independent groups
What is an investigator effect?
undesired influence of the investigator on the research outcome
Name the three investigator effects and explain what each one is
expectancy effect- behaviour impacted by expected outcomes
unconscious bias- subject decisions and judgment made by investigators
leading questions- asking questions that guide participants to answer in specific ways
How can you reduce unconscious bias?
randomisation- used chance methods
What is another way to control investigator effects?
standardisation- ensures all participants are exposed to same info, environment and experience
Name some research issues
social desirability
demand characteristics
extraneous variable
confounding variable
What are the two effects of demand characteristics?
the please-you effect (cooperate) and the screw-you effect (don’t cooperate)
What is social desirability?
tendency for participants to present themselves in a favourable light
Name the measures of dispersion
range (remember to add 1)
standard deviation
Name the measures of central tendency.
mode
median
mean
What are the three types of interviews?
structured
unstructured
semi-structured
What are three major considerations that need to carried out when conduction an interview?
-should be conducted in a quiet room
-interview schedule should be standardised to reduce potential interviewer bias
-interviews should be reminded on several occasions that their responses will be kept strictly confidential
What type of data does meta-analysis use?
secondary
What are three ways of designing a questionnaire?
fixed choice questions
likert scale (strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree)
rating scales
How do you write a good questionnaire?
-avoid the overuse of jargon
-avoid double-barrelled questions
-avoid double negatives
