Research Methods

Question 1

_____ labeled the tendency to see all participants as one homogeneous group the patient uniformity myth.

Answer 1

Kiesler

Question 2

One type of correlational research that is much like the efforts of detectives is called _____, the study of the incidence, distribution, and consequences of a particular problem or set of problems in one or more populations

Answer 2

epidemiology

Question 3

_____ study the incidence and prevalence of disorders among different groups of people.

Answer 3

Epidemiologists

Question 4

When behavior changes as a result of a person’s expectation of change rather than as a result of any manipulation by an experimenter, the phenomenon is known as a _____ (from the Latin word _____, which means “I shall please”).

Answer 4

placebo effect

Question 5

In this design, the researcher gives different treatments to two or more comparable groups of people with a particular disorder and can then assess how or whether each treatment helped the people who received it. This is called _____ research.

Answer 5

comparative treatment

Question 6

One of the more important strategies used in single-case experimental design is _____, in which a behavior is measured several times instead of only once before you change the independent variable and once afterward.

Answer 6

repeated measurement

Question 7

_____ are the genetic mechanisms that ultimately contribute to the underlying problems causing the symptoms and difficulties experienced by people with psychological disorders.

In the case of schizophrenia, for example, researchers are not looking for a “schizophrenia gene” (genotype); instead, they are searching for the gene or genes responsible for the working memory problems characteristic of people with this disorder (endophenotype), as well as the genes responsible for other problems experienced by people with this disorder.

Answer 7

Endophenotypes

Question 8

The basic principle of _____ is simple. When a family disorder is studied, other inherited characteristics are assessed at the same time. These other characteristics—called genetic markers—are selected because we know their exact location. Close chromosome.

Answer 8

genetic linkage analysis

Question 9

1) Prevention Intervention Strategies
2) Universal prevention strategies
3) selective prevention
4) indicated prevention

Answer 9

Prevention Intervention Strategies

Question 10

For a _____ design, researchers take a _____ of a population across the different age groups and compare them on some characteristic

Answer 10

cross-sectional

Question 11

In cross-sectional designs, the participants in each age group are called _____; Brown and Finn studied three cohorts: 12-year-olds, 15-year-olds, and 17-year-olds. The members of each cohort are the same age at the same time and thus have all been exposed to similar experiences

Answer 11

cohorts

Question 12

Differences among cohorts in their opinions about alcohol use may be related to their respective cognitive and emotional development at these different ages and to their dissimilar experiences.

This _____, the confounding of age and experience, is a limitation of the cross-sectional design.

Answer 12

cohort effect

Question 13

The advantages of _____ designs are that they do not suffer from cohort effect problems and they allow the researchers to assess individual change.

describe patterns of change and to establish the direction

Answer 13

longitudinal

Question 14

The _____ effect involves trying to generalize the findings to groups whose experiences are different from those of the study participants.

Answer 14

cross-generational