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Psychology > Research Method > Flashcards

Research Method Flashcards

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1
Q

Collect a general set of ideas about the way the world works

A

Theory

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2
Q

Form a testable statement guided by theories that makes specific predictions about the relationship between variables

A

Hypothesis

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3
Q

Determine the way in which the hypothesis will be tested

A

Research Methods

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4
Q

Take measurements of the outcomes of the test

A

Collect Data

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5
Q

Understand the data and discover trends or relationships between the variables

A

Analyze Data

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6
Q

Publish articles in scholarly journals

A

Report Findings

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7
Q

Incorporate new stuff information into our understanding of the world

A

Revise Theories

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8
Q

Evidence gathered from others’ or ones’ own experience

A

Anecdotal evidence

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9
Q

Scientific tool used to measure the effect of one variable on another

A

Experiment

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10
Q

Variables manipulated by the scientist

A

Independent variable

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11
Q

Variable being observed by the scientist

A

Dependent variable

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12
Q

A feature or quality that always takes the same value across all situations

A

Constant

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13
Q

The extent to which there is evidence that a test measures a particular hypothetical construct

A

Construct Validity

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14
Q

A group of individuals designed to serve as an accurate comparison in an experiment

A

Control group

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15
Q

A measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables

A

Correlation

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16
Q

A numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables

A

Correlation Coefficient

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17
Q

A variable that is measured in an experiment

A

Dependent Variable

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18
Q

Statistics designed to describe the data collected. Includes mean, median, and standard deviation.

A

Descriptive Statistics

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19
Q

Experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which group each participant belongs to.

A

Double-Blind Study

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20
Q

The philosophical perspective that states that knowledge should be gained by direct observation of the world as it is, as opposed to rational perspectives that used logic and reason to determine how the world ought to be.

A

Empiricism

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21
Q

The participants in a study who receive the manipulation in regard to the independent variable.

A

Experimental Group

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22
Q

Actions made by the experimenter, unintentionally or deliberately, to promote the result they hope to achieve.

A

Experimenter Bias

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23
Q

A variable that the researcher did not manipulate or measure, but that nonetheless could still affect the outcome of the experiment

A

Extraneous Variable

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24
Q

A figure that plots values of a variable on the x (horizontal) axis and the frequency with which those values were observed on the y (vertical) axis.

A

Frequency Distribution

25
Q

A variable that is controlled or manipulated in an experiment.

A

Independent Variable

26
Q

Statistics that allow us to use results from samples to make inferences about overall, underlying populations.

A

Inferential Statistics

27
Q

A research tool during which the investigator asks the participant questions, often these may be structured or semi-structured in nature.

A

Interview

28
Q

Different perspectives that emphasize different aspects of a research question.

A

Levels of Analysis

29
Q

Average value of a set of data

A

Mean

30
Q

Descriptive statistical techniques for summarizing a distribution of data into a single value that represents the entire distribution.

A

Measures of Central Tendency

31
Q

The centre value in a data set when the set is arranged numerically.

A

Median

32
Q

The value that appears most frequently in the set.

A

Mode

33
Q

A descriptive research method in which the researcher engages observation of behaviour in real-world settings.

A

Naturalistic Observation

34
Q

A distribution with a characteristic smooth, bell and symmetrical- shaped curve around a single peak.

A

Normal Distribution

35
Q

A set of assumptions and ideas about what kind of research questions can be asked and how they can be answered.

A

Paradigm

36
Q

A value that lies outside (much smaller or much bigger) than most of the other values in a data set.

A

Outlier

37
Q

The persons whose behaviour is systematically studied or observed in a study or experiment.

A

Participants

38
Q

When an individual exhibits an effect to a perceive treatment when no treatment is actually given.

A

Placebo Effect

39
Q

The full group of individuals you are seeking to understand.

A

Population

40
Q

Improved performance over the course of an experiment due to becoming more experienced.

A

Practice Effect

41
Q

Assigning participants to either the experimental or control group at random to avoid any biases that may cause differences between the groups of subjects.

A

Random Assignment

42
Q

Choosing a set of subjects at random from the population being studied.

A

Random Sample

43
Q

The subset of the population you’re interested in that you examine.

A

Sample

44
Q

A problem that occurs when a sample is not representative of the population from which it is drawn.

A

Sampling Bias

45
Q

The formal methods, primarily the set of techniques and concepts, used to examine and answer questions of a scientific nature.

A

Scientific Method

46
Q

A measure of the variability of a set of data, specifically the expected difference between any randomly selected datum and the mean of the set.

A

Standard Deviation

47
Q

The condition that exists when the probability that the observed findings are due to chance is very low.

A

Statistically Significant

48
Q

A feature or characteristic that is free to take on (at least two) different values.

A

Variable

49
Q

An in-depth investigation of an individual person or a small group of people, often over an extended period of time.

A

Case Study

50
Q

variable that might affect other variables

Ex. Placebo effect

A

Confounding Variable

51
Q

This describes the actions or operations that will be made to objectively measure or control a variable.

A

Operational Definition

52
Q

A standardized measure of a sample of a person’s behaviour e.g. IQ test.

A

Psychological Test

53
Q

A research tool in which a participant responds to a written list of items or questions.

A

Questionnaire

54
Q

Data collected from a study or experiment that has yet to be assessed using statistical analyses.

A

Raw Data

55
Q

The measurement consistency of a test (or of other kinds of measurement techniques).

A

Reliability

56
Q

The repetition of a study to see whether the earlier results can be duplicated, often times by independent researchers.

A

Replication

57
Q

A tendency of research participants to respond to questions in a particular way that is unrelated to the content of the questions.

A

Response Set

58
Q

A tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself.

A

Social Desirability Bias

59
Q

The extent to which the scores in a data set tend to vary from each other and from the mean.

A

Variability

Psychology (11 decks)

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