research issues

Question 1

define extraneous variables

Answer 1

other variables which may interfere with IV

Question 2

define confounding variables

Answer 2

do change systematically with IV

Question 3

define demand characteristics

Answer 3

participants use clues to interpret what is going on in study & can ‘second-guess’ the experimenters intentions/aims
- ‘please-u effect’ = act in a way they think is expected & over-perform to please experimenter
- ‘screw-u effect’ = deliberately under perform to sabotage study

Question 4

define investigator effects

Answer 4

any unwanted influence of investigator on research outcome

Question 5

what is randomisation used for

Answer 5

minimise effect of extraneous or confounding variables

Question 6

define randomisation

Answer 6

use of chance methods to reduce researchers unconscious biases when designing investigation

Question 7

define standardisation

Answer 7

• all studies have list of what will be done –> including standardised instructions read to each participant
• al participants subject to same environment, information & experience