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RESEARCH > research in PT lecure 2 > Flashcards

research in PT lecure 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the manipulated variable

A

independent

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2
Q

what is the measure variable

A

dependent

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3
Q

what is • A variable that could influence the outcome of the study.

A

confounding variable

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4
Q

Example: You are comparing two different hydrogel dressings on partial thickness burn injury healing times.
IV:
DV:
Confounding:

A

IV:type of hydrogel dressing

DV: healing time
Confounding: cause of burn, co-morbidities, patient adherence, etc.

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5
Q

what type of research tests theories using numbers

A

quantitative

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6
Q

what is considered the “traditional method” of research

A

quantitative

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7
Q

what research is a precise measurement

A

quantitative

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8
Q

what research tests theories using language

A

qualitative

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9
Q

what research focuses on broad descriptions and understanding
complex phenomenon without direct manipulation

A

qualitative

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10
Q

what research is subject selection purposeful not random

A

qualitative

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11
Q

what research is typical done via interview

A

qualitative

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12
Q

which research has no control or manipulation of IV

A

qualitative

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13
Q

what type of research is One or a few participants are measured many times in order to better understand the
process.

A

single subject

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14
Q

what type of hypothesis statement is usually included in a manuscript

A

scientific/alternative

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15
Q

what is the one of the key factors affecting the way you analyze the data

A

the level of data

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16
Q

what are the 4 levels of data

A

nominal scale

ordinal scale

interval scale

ratio scale

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17
Q

what scale is an unordered set of categories identified only by name. ____ measurements only permit you to determine whether two individuals are the same or
different.

A

nominal scale

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18
Q

what scale is an ordered set of categories.

A

orfinal

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19
Q

Ordinal measurements tell you the
direction of ___ between two individuals.

A

difference

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20
Q

what is measurements identify the direction and magnitude of a difference.

A

interval

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21
Q

what scale is the zero point actually a value of zero

A

ratio

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22
Q

Ex/ gender, disease category

these are what levels of variables

A

nominal

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23
Q

Ex/ no help, some help, independent

what level of variable is this

A

ordinal

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24
Q

what 2 variables are considered qualitative data

A

nominal and ordinal

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25
Q

what variable is considered quantitative data

A

interval/ ration variables

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26
Q

 Number of feet
 Temperature
 Range of motion
 ml
 LOS

these are examples of what variable

A

interval/ ration

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27
Q

quantitative data is ____ statistics

A

parametric

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28
Q

what is the descriptive stats for quantitative data (parametric stats)

A

means

median

mode

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29
Q

what is the association questions for quantitative data (parametric stats)

A

pearson’s correlations

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30
Q

what is the difference questions for quantitative data (parametric stats)

A

t-test and ANOVA

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31
Q

what is the descriptive stats for qualititative data or quantitative data that doesn’t meet assumptions (non parametric stats)

A

median and mode

NO MEAN

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32
Q

what is the association questions for qualititative data or quantitative data that doesn’t meet assumptions (non parametric stats)

A

spearman’s correlations

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33
Q

what is the difference questions for qualititative data or quantitative data that doesn’t meet assumptions (non parametric stats)

A

Wilcoxon-Mann Whitney,
Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis

34
Q

• ROM
• Sex
• Zip Codes
• Likert scales: Strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree
• Gait Speed
• MMT grades
• NPRS – pain rated from 0-10

interval , ordinal , nominal

A

• ROM- I
• Sex- N
• Zip Codes- N
• Likert scales: Strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree- O
• Gait Speed- I
• MMT grades- O
• NPRS – pain rated from 0-10- O

35
Q

what kind of research study is a RCT

A

experimental

36
Q

Surveys
Retrospective data
(with no comparative or
relationship analyses)
Normative
Qualitative

these are all types of which research study

A

descriptive

37
Q

Correlational/Predictive
Methodological

these are examples of what type of research studies

A

exploratory

38
Q

what kind of data is previously collected data again and no analyses are done

A

retrospective

39
Q

which data is There are no statistical
analyses looking for differences or relationships

A

descriptive

40
Q

what data is Analysis of interview responses in
order to discover themes

A

qualitative

41
Q

what is the Relationships between
outcome measures: 6MWT/2MWT

A

correlational

42
Q

what studies do not use a manipulated independent variable to differentiate
the groups. Instead, the variable that differentiates the groups is usually a pre-
existing participant variable (Dx A vs Dx B) or a time variable (such as pre/post).

A

quasi experimental

43
Q

what level is set in advance

A

alpha level

44
Q

what is the P value determined by

A

the outcome of the statistical analysis

45
Q

what is the alpha level usually set at and what does it mean

A

.05 so there is a 5% risk of committing a type 1 error

46
Q

define the P value

A

the actual probability that the results occurred just bc of sampling error

47
Q

if the P value is less than .05 you __ the null hypothesis

A

reject

48
Q

what is the best design to maximize internal validity

A

RCT

49
Q

what interval validity is it when you ask Did something happen between pre and post testing to change the results?

A

history

50
Q

what interval validity is it when you ask “Did the participants change over time? Ex/ Children. Disease recovery.”

A

maturation

51
Q

what interval validity is it when you ask “Who dropped out and why?”

A

attrition/ mortality

52
Q

what interval validity is it when you ask “Did repeated testing change the outcome?”

A

repeated testing

53
Q

what interval validity is it when you ask” Did the measurement tool change? Need calibration?”

A

instrumentation

54
Q

what interval validity is it when Groups with initial extreme scores tend to regress towards
the mean

A

regression to the mean

55
Q

what interval validity is it when the Researcher is biased and influences the outcome

A

experimenter bias

56
Q

what interval validity is it when the Researcher is biased and influences the outcome

A

experimenter bias

57
Q

what interval validity is it when you ask “ Did the groups differ in key ways? Did the sample not represent the population”

A

selection

58
Q

what is construct validity

A

study 1 thing but measuring something different

59
Q

what validity need to be specific enough to find a difference but not too specific
that it is not generalizable…

A

external validity

60
Q

what is error rate type 1

A

rejecting null when shouldn’t

61
Q

what is error rate type 2

A

fail to reject when shoudl have

62
Q

which error rate is worse

A

type 1 bc it is basically saying something is different when it isn’t

63
Q

statistical concussion validity has excessive ____ of DV

A

variability

64
Q

The entire group of individuals of interest is called

A

population

65
Q

when is a sample selected

A

when the populations are so large

66
Q

what is systematic sampling

A

selecting ppl in a certain order

ex: selects every 20th student on a list

67
Q

what is stratified sampling

A

the sample frame is divided into parts or sections

ex: randomly select 10 students from every program

68
Q

what is cluster sampling

A

the sample frame is divided into part or sections but ONLY certain parts or sections are used

69
Q

are all members of the parts or sections sampled in cluster sampling

A

yes

70
Q

what sampling is the members of the sample frame volunteer or self selected .. Examples: Internet polls, mailed surveys that need to be filled
out and returned.

A

convenience sampling

71
Q

what is considered the least reliable and therefore th least desirable method of sampling but easiest

A

convenience sampling

72
Q

The discrepancy between a sample statistic and its
population parameter is called

A

sampling error

73
Q

Defining and measuring sampling error is a large part of ____ statistics.

A

inferential

74
Q

____ is the chance of finding a significant difference if there is one to be found.

A

power

75
Q

what is power affected by

A

if effect size goes up …. power goes up

number of participants go up … power goes up

76
Q

what is cohen’s D a common measure of

A

effect size

77
Q

what does Cohens D the different between

A

difference in 2 means dividied by the pooled standard deviation

78
Q

in general if there is a larger difference in the groups it means ____ effect size L

A

larger

79
Q

___ variability …. larger effect size

A

less

80
Q

Interpretation of Cohen’s d (effect size) values:
D= .2
d=.5
d=.8

A

small
med
karate

RESEARCH (11 decks)

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