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RESEARCH > research in PT > Flashcards

research in PT Flashcards

1
Q

clinicians often report the following reasons as to why they don’t incorporate research into practice .. (6)

A

don’t understand the research process
don’t understand statis
don’t have the funds
don’t have access to a mentor
don’t have time

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2
Q

what is the most important step in performing rehabilitation research

A

dissemination of findings

*note it doesn’t have to be a peer reviewed conference or published in a journal

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3
Q

sharing your literature review finding with fellow clinicians at your clinic is dissemination (T/F)

A

T

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4
Q

any time a study or intervention is planned and controlled and not “standard of care” in some way it is considered _____

A

research

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5
Q

what does research require prior to beginning any data collection or participant recruitment

A

IRB approval

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6
Q

what are the 3 different levels of IRB review

A

full
expedited
exempt

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7
Q

what are examples of full IRB review … studies that …

A

-involved more than just minimal risk to the participants

  • involve a sensitive topic
  • involve minors or other vulnerable populations (fetus , prisoner)
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8
Q

what level of IRB review requires the entire board review

A

full

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9
Q

most prospective research that includes an intervention requires a ___ review

A

full

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10
Q

for studies that involve miminal risk to the participants like genomic studies review which kind of IRB review

A

expedited

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11
Q

for studies that involve miminal risk to the participants like no more risk than expected in daily life ( e.g. blood draw , physical exam , routine psychological testing) require which kind of IRB review

A

expedited

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12
Q

for studies that involve miminal risk to the participants like non interventional studies (e.g. observational studies of behavior or nutrition) require which kind of IRB review

A

expedited

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13
Q

for studies that involve miminal risk to the participants like survey/questionnaire studies of a non sensitive nature , even if not anonymous require which kind of IRB review

A

expedited

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14
Q

for studies that involve miminal risk to the participants like electrophysiological studies in healthy subjects or clinical populations (ex. EEG) require which kind of IRB review

A

expedited

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15
Q

for studies that involve miminal risk to the participants like non invasive imaging in healthy subjects or clinical populations to investigate basic mechanisms of brain function require which kind of IRB review

A

expedited

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16
Q

for studies that involve miminal risk to the participants like research involving the collection or meta analysis of existing data, documents , records , pathological specimens , or diagnostic specimens to understand basic bio behavioral processes require which kind of IRB review

A

expedited

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17
Q

which level of IRB review requires sub set of the board reviews

A

expedited

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18
Q

for studies that pose little risk to the participants require which kind of IRB review

A

exempt

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19
Q

studies that are on the exempt level of IRB review do not involve what 2 things

A

a sensitive topic or vulnerable populations

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20
Q

research conducted using anonymous questionnaires or surveys are what level of IRB review

A

exempt

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21
Q

research conducted in educational setting involving normla curriculum is an example of what level pf IRB review

A

exempt

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22
Q

research conducted using archival (retrospective) data, provided that the information collected is anonymous would receive what level of IRB review

A

exempt

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23
Q

what level of IRB review does the chair give exempt review

A

exempt

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24
Q

can ther be penalty for withdrawing from the study

A

no

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25
Q

consent form should be written in lat language about ___ level

A

6th grade

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26
Q

can you still analys the data and write the manuscript after the IRB is closed ?

A

yes

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27
Q

does your name have to be included in the IRB to be an author on a manuscript or poster

A

no

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28
Q

you are studying A1C levels in healthy adults . You need to collect 1-2.5 ml only one time which is the correct level of IRB review

A

expedited

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29
Q

you are studying the effectiveness of a new teaching strategy in the school of PT at TWU . you will compare pre and post exam score that are based on the course content … what is the correct level of IRB review

A

exempt

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30
Q

you are studying glenohumeral labrum thickness in adults using an FDA approved diagnostic ultrasound unit … what is the correct leave of IRB review

A

expedited

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31
Q

you are asking children to share with you their experiences following bone marrow replacement … what is the correct level of IRB review

A

FULL

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32
Q

you are testing a new hand held dynamometer to assess isometric quadriceps strength in post op ACL patients … what is the correct leave of IRB review

A

full

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33
Q

you are investigating women’s attitudes related to birth control bases on their religious affiliation , the interviewees will be video recorded … what is the correct level of IRB review

A

full

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34
Q

you plan to anonymously watch and record parents level an elementary school and determine who drives , rid bikes or walks home … what is the correct leave of IRB review

A

exempt

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35
Q

you plan to ask HMNS patrons three anonymous questions related to their educational background and interest in science …. waht is the correct leave of IRB review

A

exempt

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36
Q

healthy adults are asking to complete a sit to stand test 5 times and are then asked 5 questions related to their health habits ….. waht is the correct level of IRB review

A

expedited

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37
Q

evidence based practice is an integration of what 3 things

A

best research evidence
clinical expertise
patient values/ situations

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38
Q

textbooks , colleagues , continuing education that is not evidence bases a and out dated information presented in entry level programs are examples of what kind of sources

A

low quality

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39
Q

what is the process of EBP

A

patient dilemma > ask > acquire > assess > apply and re assess

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40
Q

during the process of EBP what do you use to organize the evidence

A

CEBM pyramid

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41
Q

during the process of EBP what do you use to organize the evidence

A

CEBM pyramid

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42
Q

what is the common way to develop a research question

A

PICO

patient
intervention
comparisioin
outcome

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43
Q

when planning a research study also consider ___

A

FINER

feasible ‘
interesting
novel
ethical
relevant

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44
Q

what is a distinctive feature of Medline?

A

the records are indexed with NLM’s Medical Subject Heading

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45
Q

what provide free access to MEDLINE

A

PubMed

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46
Q

what is the national library of medicines premier database what contains over 27 million references to journal articles in life sciences with a concentration on biomedicine . the data base contain approximately 5,600 journals

A

MEDLINE

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47
Q

what is a database service or a way to interface with the raw data

A

PubMed

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48
Q

what are considered secondary sources of information ( 4 things)

A
  • books
  • meta - analysis
  • reviews
  • systematic reviews
49
Q

what 2 things are considered primary source information

A

clinical trials and randomized controlled trials

50
Q

what does the * (truncation symbol) do when searching in PubMed

A

retrieves various spellings

51
Q

what database is used for high quality of systemic reviews

A

COCHRANE

52
Q

what type of source of evidence is database and search engines that will locate specific articles

A

primary

53
Q

Medline (PubMed), CINAHL , ERIC , PEDro , APRA’s article search and OVID are examples of what type of sources of evidence

A

primary

54
Q

what source of evidence are specialized database that answer clinical questions

A

secondary

55
Q

what source of evidence is a group of articles that are reviews and summarized for you

A

secondary

56
Q

Medline (pubmed) , cochrane , database of abstracts of reviews of effectiveness (DARE) , TRIP and PEDro are examples of what source of evidence

A

secondary

57
Q

what are 3 examples of primary resources

A

RCTS
Cohort studies (pre determined groups)
case controlled studies

58
Q

what are 2 strengths of primary source articles

A

immediately current and many are avaible on line in full text

59
Q

what are 2 weakness of primary source articles

A
  • for all except PEDro , you still need to read and extract the information to your questions
  • it only finds articles in journals listed in their engine
60
Q

what are 2 examples of secondary sources of evidence

A

systematic reviews and meta - analysis

61
Q

what sources are resources appraise the quality of studies and often make recommendations for practice

A

filtered (secondary) resources

62
Q

what ask a specific clinical question , perform a comprehensive literature search, eliminate the poorly done studies and attempt to make practice recommendations based on the strongest studies

A

systematic reviews

63
Q

what is a systematic review plus it combines all the data from the studies amd presents the overalll results

A

meta - analysis

64
Q

what are 2 strengths of secondary source articles

A

summarizes the information for you and you don’t need to find all the articles and read them

65
Q

what are 3 weaknesses of secondary source articles

A

some are better and more comprehensive

reviews in cochrane databases are strong

always dated (old)

66
Q

is the absence of evidence the same from negative evidence

A

no it si different

67
Q

what is the order of levels for an indidivual study from strongest evidence to weaker

A

1a
1b
1c
2a
2b
2c
3a
3b
4
5

68
Q

what is the grade order from strongest evidence to weaker evidence

A

A
B
C
D
E
F

69
Q

what is a systematic review of RCTs considered on the TRIP pyramid

A

1a

70
Q

what is considered a 1b on the pyramid

A

RCT (with narrow CI)

71
Q

what is all of none considered on the pyramid

A

1c

72
Q

what is a systemic review of cohort studies considered on the pyramid

A

2a

73
Q

what is a cohort study or low quality RCT considered on the pyramid

A

2b

74
Q

what is outcome research considered on the pyramid

A

2c

75
Q

what is systematic review of case control studies considered on the pyramid

A

3a

76
Q

what is individual case control study considered on the pyramid

A

3b

77
Q

what is case reports , and asmall case series considered on the pyramid

A

4

78
Q

what is expert opinion without any critical appraisal , bench research considered on the pyramid

A

5

79
Q

is PEDro score better higher or lower

A

higher

80
Q

what does it mean if there is a “narrow” confidence interval

A

no overlap in the confidence interval and that they are difference

81
Q

what does it mean if there is a “wide” confidence interval

A

lots of overlap

not as confident bc there is not a big difference

82
Q

in 1B CEBM level a group of pateints are randomized into ___ group and a ___ group

A

experimental
control

83
Q

1B has a narrow or wide confidence interval

A

narrow

84
Q

what CEBM level is when all patients died before a Rx became available , now some survive or some pateitns died before a Rx became available and now none die

A

all or none : 1c

85
Q

what CEBM level involved the identification of 2+ groups (cohorts) of pateitns , one which did receive the exposure of interest ( or has a risk factor) and one which did not , and following these cohorts forward from the out of interest ORRRR 2+ cohorts of pateints that receive the same treatment

A

2A : systematic review of cohort studies

86
Q

what CEBM level is an individual cohort study or a low quality RCT ( poor follow up with subjects)

A

2B; individual/ single cohort study

87
Q

what CEBM level is focused on what is of value for the patient . does the intervention make a difference in the yes of the patient , enchant QOL, worth the cost/effort. often these studies are non experimental (pateints are not randomized into groups , bit getter their normal level of care)

A

2C: outcome research

88
Q

what CEBM level involves identifying pateitns who have the outcome of interest (case) and control pateints without the same outcome , and then comparing the 2+ groups to determine whether they have difference proportions of presumed causes … looks backwards in time

A

3A: systematic review of case controlled studies

89
Q

what CEBM level is an individual case control study

A

3B: individual case control study

90
Q

what CEBM level is case study or series (detailed analysis for well defines case) or poor quality cohort or case control studies

A

4: case study or series

91
Q

what CEBM level is expert opinion , bench research (rats , raddibts)

A

5: expert opinion or bench research

92
Q

Which hierarchies grade is considered strong evidence

A

A

93
Q

Which hierarchies grade is considered weak evidence

A

C

94
Q

Which hierarchies grade is considered expert opinion

A

F

95
Q

what is a tool to measure teh quality of a RCT

A

PEDro

96
Q

what PEDro score is consider to be a high quality study

A

6+

97
Q

what is a tool to measure the quality of a study that investigates the diagnostic accuracy of a test

A

quads

98
Q

what is considered a high quality score for a QUADS test out of 14

A

7+

99
Q

what is the authorship order

A

first author

last author/senior author

second author

middle author

100
Q

who design/concieve the study , writes the first draft , partners with last author for subsequent drafts and corresponding autho

A

first author

101
Q

who is ususally an experienced investigator who partners with first author in interpret analysis and writing

A

last author/ senior author

102
Q

the person who writes the bulk of th manuscript tends to be the ___ author

A

1st

103
Q

how many words is the abstract limited to

A

150 or less

104
Q

the abstract typically addresses only the ____ purpose and none of the ___ finding

A

primary
secondAYR

105
Q

what are the 5 parts of the abstract

A

background/important

study purpose

overview of the methods

main findings

primary conclusions

106
Q

where are reputable journals listed

A

in major database

107
Q

how many predatory journals were identified in 2021

A

15000

108
Q

how many predatory journals were identified in 2021

A

1500

109
Q

what are predatory journals

A

fake publishers or journals

110
Q

what list should you check for predatory journals

A

bealls list

111
Q

what hypothesis states that there will be no difference between X and Y and which states that there will be a difference

A

null

alternative

112
Q

at the end of the study you can never prove your ____ hypothesis is true but you can either “fail to reject” or :reject: your ___ hypothesis

A

alternative

null

113
Q

what are the 4 subsections of the methods

A

participicants

instrumentation

procedures

data analysis

114
Q

what are the 2 things that instrumentation may also be broken into

A

intervention and outcome measurements

115
Q

what are the 2 things that instrumentation may also be broken into

A

intervention and outcome measurements

116
Q

what part of the methods should provide the alpha levels (a=.05)

A

data analysis

117
Q

do the re3sults include the authors interpretation of the results

A

NOOOO

118
Q

is there is a lot of variability what does that mean

A

less likely to be significantly different

look for error bars

119
Q

what provides an overview of the study

A

conclusion

RESEARCH (11 decks)

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