research in PT Flashcards
clinicians often report the following reasons as to why they don’t incorporate research into practice .. (6)
don’t understand the research process
don’t understand statis
don’t have the funds
don’t have access to a mentor
don’t have time
what is the most important step in performing rehabilitation research
dissemination of findings
*note it doesn’t have to be a peer reviewed conference or published in a journal
sharing your literature review finding with fellow clinicians at your clinic is dissemination (T/F)
T
any time a study or intervention is planned and controlled and not “standard of care” in some way it is considered _____
research
what does research require prior to beginning any data collection or participant recruitment
IRB approval
what are the 3 different levels of IRB review
full
expedited
exempt
what are examples of full IRB review … studies that …
-involved more than just minimal risk to the participants
- involve a sensitive topic
- involve minors or other vulnerable populations (fetus , prisoner)
what level of IRB review requires the entire board review
full
most prospective research that includes an intervention requires a ___ review
full
for studies that involve miminal risk to the participants like genomic studies review which kind of IRB review
expedited
for studies that involve miminal risk to the participants like no more risk than expected in daily life ( e.g. blood draw , physical exam , routine psychological testing) require which kind of IRB review
expedited
for studies that involve miminal risk to the participants like non interventional studies (e.g. observational studies of behavior or nutrition) require which kind of IRB review
expedited
for studies that involve miminal risk to the participants like survey/questionnaire studies of a non sensitive nature , even if not anonymous require which kind of IRB review
expedited
for studies that involve miminal risk to the participants like electrophysiological studies in healthy subjects or clinical populations (ex. EEG) require which kind of IRB review
expedited
for studies that involve miminal risk to the participants like non invasive imaging in healthy subjects or clinical populations to investigate basic mechanisms of brain function require which kind of IRB review
expedited
for studies that involve miminal risk to the participants like research involving the collection or meta analysis of existing data, documents , records , pathological specimens , or diagnostic specimens to understand basic bio behavioral processes require which kind of IRB review
expedited
which level of IRB review requires sub set of the board reviews
expedited
for studies that pose little risk to the participants require which kind of IRB review
exempt
studies that are on the exempt level of IRB review do not involve what 2 things
a sensitive topic or vulnerable populations
research conducted using anonymous questionnaires or surveys are what level of IRB review
exempt
research conducted in educational setting involving normla curriculum is an example of what level pf IRB review
exempt
research conducted using archival (retrospective) data, provided that the information collected is anonymous would receive what level of IRB review
exempt
what level of IRB review does the chair give exempt review
exempt
can ther be penalty for withdrawing from the study
no
consent form should be written in lat language about ___ level
6th grade
can you still analys the data and write the manuscript after the IRB is closed ?
yes
does your name have to be included in the IRB to be an author on a manuscript or poster
no
you are studying A1C levels in healthy adults . You need to collect 1-2.5 ml only one time which is the correct level of IRB review
expedited
you are studying the effectiveness of a new teaching strategy in the school of PT at TWU . you will compare pre and post exam score that are based on the course content … what is the correct level of IRB review
exempt
you are studying glenohumeral labrum thickness in adults using an FDA approved diagnostic ultrasound unit … what is the correct leave of IRB review
expedited
you are asking children to share with you their experiences following bone marrow replacement … what is the correct level of IRB review
FULL
you are testing a new hand held dynamometer to assess isometric quadriceps strength in post op ACL patients … what is the correct leave of IRB review
full
you are investigating women’s attitudes related to birth control bases on their religious affiliation , the interviewees will be video recorded … what is the correct level of IRB review
full
you plan to anonymously watch and record parents level an elementary school and determine who drives , rid bikes or walks home … what is the correct leave of IRB review
exempt
you plan to ask HMNS patrons three anonymous questions related to their educational background and interest in science …. waht is the correct leave of IRB review
exempt
healthy adults are asking to complete a sit to stand test 5 times and are then asked 5 questions related to their health habits ….. waht is the correct level of IRB review
expedited
evidence based practice is an integration of what 3 things
best research evidence
clinical expertise
patient values/ situations
textbooks , colleagues , continuing education that is not evidence bases a and out dated information presented in entry level programs are examples of what kind of sources
low quality
what is the process of EBP
patient dilemma > ask > acquire > assess > apply and re assess
during the process of EBP what do you use to organize the evidence
CEBM pyramid
during the process of EBP what do you use to organize the evidence
CEBM pyramid
what is the common way to develop a research question
PICO
patient
intervention
comparisioin
outcome
when planning a research study also consider ___
FINER
feasible ‘
interesting
novel
ethical
relevant
what is a distinctive feature of Medline?
the records are indexed with NLM’s Medical Subject Heading
what provide free access to MEDLINE
PubMed
what is the national library of medicines premier database what contains over 27 million references to journal articles in life sciences with a concentration on biomedicine . the data base contain approximately 5,600 journals
MEDLINE
what is a database service or a way to interface with the raw data
PubMed
what are considered secondary sources of information ( 4 things)
- books
- meta - analysis
- reviews
- systematic reviews
what 2 things are considered primary source information
clinical trials and randomized controlled trials
what does the * (truncation symbol) do when searching in PubMed
retrieves various spellings
what database is used for high quality of systemic reviews
COCHRANE
what type of source of evidence is database and search engines that will locate specific articles
primary
Medline (PubMed), CINAHL , ERIC , PEDro , APRA’s article search and OVID are examples of what type of sources of evidence
primary
what source of evidence are specialized database that answer clinical questions
secondary
what source of evidence is a group of articles that are reviews and summarized for you
secondary
Medline (pubmed) , cochrane , database of abstracts of reviews of effectiveness (DARE) , TRIP and PEDro are examples of what source of evidence
secondary
what are 3 examples of primary resources
RCTS
Cohort studies (pre determined groups)
case controlled studies
what are 2 strengths of primary source articles
immediately current and many are avaible on line in full text
what are 2 weakness of primary source articles
- for all except PEDro , you still need to read and extract the information to your questions
- it only finds articles in journals listed in their engine
what are 2 examples of secondary sources of evidence
systematic reviews and meta - analysis
what sources are resources appraise the quality of studies and often make recommendations for practice
filtered (secondary) resources
what ask a specific clinical question , perform a comprehensive literature search, eliminate the poorly done studies and attempt to make practice recommendations based on the strongest studies
systematic reviews
what is a systematic review plus it combines all the data from the studies amd presents the overalll results
meta - analysis
what are 2 strengths of secondary source articles
summarizes the information for you and you don’t need to find all the articles and read them
what are 3 weaknesses of secondary source articles
some are better and more comprehensive
reviews in cochrane databases are strong
always dated (old)
is the absence of evidence the same from negative evidence
no it si different
what is the order of levels for an indidivual study from strongest evidence to weaker
1a
1b
1c
2a
2b
2c
3a
3b
4
5
what is the grade order from strongest evidence to weaker evidence
A
B
C
D
E
F
what is a systematic review of RCTs considered on the TRIP pyramid
1a
what is considered a 1b on the pyramid
RCT (with narrow CI)
what is all of none considered on the pyramid
1c
what is a systemic review of cohort studies considered on the pyramid
2a
what is a cohort study or low quality RCT considered on the pyramid
2b
what is outcome research considered on the pyramid
2c
what is systematic review of case control studies considered on the pyramid
3a
what is individual case control study considered on the pyramid
3b
what is case reports , and asmall case series considered on the pyramid
4
what is expert opinion without any critical appraisal , bench research considered on the pyramid
5
is PEDro score better higher or lower
higher
what does it mean if there is a “narrow” confidence interval
no overlap in the confidence interval and that they are difference
what does it mean if there is a “wide” confidence interval
lots of overlap
not as confident bc there is not a big difference
in 1B CEBM level a group of pateints are randomized into ___ group and a ___ group
experimental
control
1B has a narrow or wide confidence interval
narrow
what CEBM level is when all patients died before a Rx became available , now some survive or some pateitns died before a Rx became available and now none die
all or none : 1c
what CEBM level involved the identification of 2+ groups (cohorts) of pateitns , one which did receive the exposure of interest ( or has a risk factor) and one which did not , and following these cohorts forward from the out of interest ORRRR 2+ cohorts of pateints that receive the same treatment
2A : systematic review of cohort studies
what CEBM level is an individual cohort study or a low quality RCT ( poor follow up with subjects)
2B; individual/ single cohort study
what CEBM level is focused on what is of value for the patient . does the intervention make a difference in the yes of the patient , enchant QOL, worth the cost/effort. often these studies are non experimental (pateints are not randomized into groups , bit getter their normal level of care)
2C: outcome research
what CEBM level involves identifying pateitns who have the outcome of interest (case) and control pateints without the same outcome , and then comparing the 2+ groups to determine whether they have difference proportions of presumed causes … looks backwards in time
3A: systematic review of case controlled studies
what CEBM level is an individual case control study
3B: individual case control study
what CEBM level is case study or series (detailed analysis for well defines case) or poor quality cohort or case control studies
4: case study or series
what CEBM level is expert opinion , bench research (rats , raddibts)
5: expert opinion or bench research
Which hierarchies grade is considered strong evidence
A
Which hierarchies grade is considered weak evidence
C
Which hierarchies grade is considered expert opinion
F
what is a tool to measure teh quality of a RCT
PEDro
what PEDro score is consider to be a high quality study
6+
what is a tool to measure the quality of a study that investigates the diagnostic accuracy of a test
quads
what is considered a high quality score for a QUADS test out of 14
7+
what is the authorship order
first author
last author/senior author
second author
middle author
who design/concieve the study , writes the first draft , partners with last author for subsequent drafts and corresponding autho
first author
who is ususally an experienced investigator who partners with first author in interpret analysis and writing
last author/ senior author
the person who writes the bulk of th manuscript tends to be the ___ author
1st
how many words is the abstract limited to
150 or less
the abstract typically addresses only the ____ purpose and none of the ___ finding
primary
secondAYR
what are the 5 parts of the abstract
background/important
study purpose
overview of the methods
main findings
primary conclusions
where are reputable journals listed
in major database
how many predatory journals were identified in 2021
15000
how many predatory journals were identified in 2021
1500
what are predatory journals
fake publishers or journals
what list should you check for predatory journals
bealls list
what hypothesis states that there will be no difference between X and Y and which states that there will be a difference
null
alternative
at the end of the study you can never prove your ____ hypothesis is true but you can either “fail to reject” or :reject: your ___ hypothesis
alternative
null
what are the 4 subsections of the methods
participicants
instrumentation
procedures
data analysis
what are the 2 things that instrumentation may also be broken into
intervention and outcome measurements
what are the 2 things that instrumentation may also be broken into
intervention and outcome measurements
what part of the methods should provide the alpha levels (a=.05)
data analysis
do the re3sults include the authors interpretation of the results
NOOOO
is there is a lot of variability what does that mean
less likely to be significantly different
look for error bars
what provides an overview of the study
conclusion
