Research EXAM #1 Flashcards
Chapter 1 Objectives
Define nursing research and discuss how research is used in nursing practice.
Describe the evolution of nursing research.
Investigate the roles that nurses play in research processes.
Contrast research and other types of problem solving.
Explore how research is used as evidence guiding the practice of nursing.
Read research and appraise the credibility of the journal, authors, and publication process.
Chapter 2 Objectives
Discuss the philosophical orientations that influence the choice of a research design.
Contrast the characteristics of quantitative and qualitative research.
Review the steps involved in the research process.
Determine the way that a design is linked to the research question.
Classify research based on characteristics related to intent, type, and time.
Evaluate which kind of evidence is best provided by quantitative and qualitative research.
Chapter 3 Objectives
Describe fundamental ethical concepts applicable to human subjects research.
Discuss the historical development of ethical issues in research.
Describe the components of valid informed consent.
Identify the features of populations that make them vulnerable in a research context.
Discuss statutes and regulations related to conducting clinical research.
Describe the history, functions, and processes related to the institutional review board.
Identify the three levels of review conducted by institutional review boards.
Relate protections for human subjects to guidelines for animal welfare in research.
Discuss the major provisions of the privacy rule (HIPAA) that affect data collection for research
Chapter 4 Objectives
Discuss strategies for identifying evidence-based practice problems.
Describe the process for translating a practice problem into a researchable question.
Define and contrast problem statements and purpose statements.
Develop and articulate problem statements and purpose statements.
Perform a critical analysis of the question, problem statement, and purpose statement from a research article
Process to figuring out an issue
— The Primary researcher (PI) or investigator has an idea about an issue or problem.
— Feels the issue is important enough to probe
- May not be sufficient knowledge on the issue
- Many others feel this is an issue
- The researcher does not know much about the issue but realizes it is an issue
— How much of an issue is it?
— What is known about it and what is not?
What is nursing research?
is a systematic process of inquiry that uses rigorous guidelines to produce unbiased, trustworthy answers to questions about nursing practice
Aims of nursing research?
— Generate new knowledge to inform the practice of nursing.
— Synthesize the findings of others into a coherent guide for practice
— Explore and describe phenomena that affect health
— Find solutions to existing and emerging problems
— Test traditional approaches to patient care for continued relevance and effectiveness
What is a peer-review?
Experts in the field evaluate the quality of the research and determine whether it warrants presentation at a conference or publication in a professional journal
What is a blinded peer-review?
— A type of review in which the peer reviewer is unaware of the author’s identity, so personal influence is avoided.
— report is subjected to appraisal by a neutral party who is un associated with the research process and unaware of the report’s authorship
— Reviewers determine whether the study process and outcome are of acceptable quality for communication to the broader professional community
Benefits of replication of a peer-reviewed journal article?
— Ensures that findings can be duplicated in different populations and at different times
— This characteristic provides the nurse with confidence that the findings are not limited to a single sample, so that study outcomes will likely be similar in other patient populations
The researcher achieves the following
— Confirms the population + site for research
— IDs the sample size
— Meets ID’d ethical requirements: informed consent + IRB approval
— Conducts data collection
— Analyzes the data
— Summarizes the findings
— Provides an abstract, conclusions, and recommendations
— Publishes + disseminates the information
Purpose of informed consent
A process of information exchange that includes:
— Recruitment materials
— Verbal dialogue
— Presentation of written materials
— Questions and answers
— An agreement that is documented by signature
National Guidelines for the research
— National Research Act —> enacted by Congress, signed into law to protect human subjects
— The Belmont Report —> deals with beneficence, justice, respect
— National Institute for Nursing (NINI) —> establish national research agenda
Autonomy
The right of the patient to make decisions about their medical care
Beneficence
Obligation of healthcare to act to the benefit of the patient and to protect and defend them
