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Research Methodology > Research Design: Quantitative > Flashcards

Research Design: Quantitative Flashcards

1
Q

Arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure

A

Research design

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2
Q

Enumerate the types of research design

A

Quantitative

Qualitative

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3
Q

Collection method used to inquire into a problem, issue, question or theory of interest to a researcher, measured in a systematic way and data is analyzed with statistics

A

Quantitative Research

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4
Q

In Quantitative Research, a question or theory, composed of variables, is measured in

A

systematic way

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5
Q

In Quantitative Research, data are analyzed with

A

statistical procedures

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6
Q

Only type of research design that directly attempts to influence a particular variable

A

Experimental research design

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7
Q

best type for testing hypothesis about cause and effect relationship

A

Experimental research design

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8
Q

In Experimental research design, independent variable is referred to as the

A

experimental or treatment variable

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9
Q

In Experimental research design, dependent variable is also known as the

A

criterion or outcome variable

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10
Q

Characteristics of Experimental Research Design

A

Comparison of groups
Manipulation of independent variable
Randomization

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11
Q

Usually involves an experimental or treatment group and a control or comparison group

A

Comparison of groups

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12
Q

the researcher deliberately and directly determines what forms the independent variable will take and which group will get which form and how will they get it

A

Manipulation of independent variable

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13
Q

Manipulation of independent variable may be established by:

A

One form of variable versus another
Presence versus absence of a particular form
Varying degrees of the same form

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14
Q

Means that every individual who is participating in an experiment has equal chance of being assigned to any of the experimental or control conditions being compared

A

Random Assignment

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15
Q

Means that every member of the population has equal chance of being a member of the sample

A

Random Selection

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16
Q

Minimizing or Eliminating Threats due to Subject Characteristics

A 
Randomization
Holding certain variable constant
Building the variable into the design
Matching
Using subjects as their own control
Using analysis of covariance
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17
Q

Pair of subjects can be matched on certain variable of interest

A

Matching

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18
Q

Main independent variable that is being manipulated in an experiment

A

Treatment/intervention

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19
Q

Group of study participants who have been exposed to a specific treatment of intervention?

A

Treatment or experimental group

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20
Q

A group of study participants who have not been exposed to a particular treatment

A

Control group

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21
Q

Typically used in experimental designs with random assignment

A

Control group

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22
Q

A group of study participants who have similar attributes and characteristics as a treatment or experimental group.

A

Comparison group

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23
Q

Typically used in quasi experimental designs

A

Comparison group

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24
Q

A test administered prior to a specific treatment or intervention, provides baseline measures

A

Pretest

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25
Q

A test administered after a specific treatment, to determine how participants have responded to intervention

A

Post test

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26
Q

This provides a baseline measure that can be compared to subsequent tests taken after an intervention or treatment

A

Pretest

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27
Q

Can help determine how study participants have responded to a treatment or intervention

A

Posttest

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28
Q

Weak Experimental Designs

A

One-Shot Case Study
One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design
Static-Group Comparison Design
Static-Group Pretest-Posttest Design

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29
Q

A single group is exposed to treatment and a dependent variable is measured in order to assess the effect of the treatment

A

One shot case study

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30
Q

In weak studies what symbol represents the exposure group and observation of dependent variable?

A

X - exposure O - Observation of the dependent variable

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31
Q

A single group is measured or obsereved before and after treatment

A

One-group Pretest-posttest design

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32
Q

Two already existing or intact groups are used?

A

Static-group comparison design

33
Q

Sometimes referred to as static groups or non equivalent control group design

A

Static-group comparison design

34
Q

Alternative name for static-group comparison design?

A

Static groups

Non-equivalent control group design

35
Q

indicates that the two groups being compared are already formed

A

Dashed line (—–)

36
Q

Pretest is given to both groups and a “gain or change” is determined by getting the sum of scores

A

Static-group pretest-posttest design

37
Q

Essential ingredient of a true experimental design

A

Randomly assigned to treatment groups

38
Q

Involves two groups, both of which are formed by random assignment

A

Randomized Posttest-Only Control Group Design

39
Q

Best design in experimental study provided there are atleast 40 subj in each group

A

Randomized Posttest-Only Control Group Design

40
Q

One group receives the experimental treatment while other does not; both groups are prettested

A

Randomized Posttest-Only Control Group Design

41
Q

Differs from previous designs solely in the use of pretest.

A

Randomized pretest-postest control group design

42
Q

According to Frankael and Wallen, this design is particularly desirable if the number in each group is small (

A

Randomized pretest-postest control group design

43
Q

Design is an attempt to eliminate the possible effects of a pretest?

A

Randomized solomon four-group design

44
Q

Provides best control to threats to internal validity

A

Randomized Solomon Frour group design

45
Q

Establishing equvalence of groups through matching pairs based on certain variables

A

Random assignment with matching

46
Q

Does not include the use of random assignment

A

Quasi-experimental

47
Q

In this design, even though matched subjects are already in intact groups

A

Matching-Only Design

48
Q

Frankael and Wallen mentioned that correlation bet matching variables and dependent variable should be

A

fairly substantial

49
Q

Another technique for equating experimental and comparison groups, both of which is exposed to all treatments but in different orders

A

Three-treatment counterbalanced design

50
Q

Involves repeated measurements over a period of time both before and after treatment

A

Time series design

51
Q

It is an elaboration of one-group pretest-posttest design

A

Time series design

52
Q

Modification of either post-test only or pretest only control groups

A

Factorial design

53
Q

Permits additional independent variables

A

Factorial design

54
Q

Examines relationships between two or more non manipulated variables

A

Correlational research

55
Q

Aims at investigation the existence and the degree of relationship between two or more variable

A

Correlational research

56
Q

With correlational research designs, casuality cannot be inferred. Casuality is

A

Cause-and-Effect

57
Q

Two Methods of Correlational Design

A

Relationship Studies

Prediction Studies

58
Q

Scores obtained from two variables are correlated to determine the relationship

A

Relationship studies

59
Q

Use scores of one variable to predict the outcome of the other variable

A

Prediction studies

60
Q

Types of Correlation

A 
Positive or Direct Relationship
Negative or Inverse Relationship
Strong
Weak
No Correlation
Perfect Correlation
61
Q

One aims to determine the cause of or reason for groups of individuals being different in behaviour or status

A

Causal-comparative research design

62
Q

This research design attempts to identify the major factor that causes the groups to behave differently as compared to other groups of individuals

A

Causal-comparative research design

63
Q

Non experimental form, descriptive research method.

A

Survey

64
Q

Useful when researcher wants to collect data on phenomena that cannot be directly observed?

A

Survey

65
Q

Two basic types of Survey

A

Cross sectional

Longitudinal

66
Q

Used to gather information on a population at a signle point in time

A

Cross-sectional survey

67
Q

Used to assess the prevalence of acute or chronic conditions?

A

Cross-sectional survey

68
Q

Used to study distribution and determinants of disease

A

Epidemiology

69
Q

Epidemiological studies can be classified as either

A

“descriptive” or

“analytic”

70
Q

Disease are characterized according to where, when and to whom they occur

A

Descriptive

71
Q

Involving testing hypotheses about exposure-disease relationships

A

Analytic

72
Q

Gather data over a period of time

A

Longitudinal surveys

73
Q

Enumerate three types of longitudinal surveys

A

Trend studies
Cohort studies
Panel studies

74
Q

Focus on a particular population and scrutinized repeatedly?

A

Trend studies

75
Q

While samples are of the same population, they are typically not composed of the same people

A

Trend Studies

76
Q

Focus on a particular population sampled and studied more than once

A

Cohort Studies

77
Q

Allow researchers to find out why changes in population occurred?

A

Panel studies

78
Q

Attrition

A

Occurs when people drop out of the study

Research Methodology (7 decks)

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