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Research Methodology > Basic Concept of Research > Flashcards

Basic Concept of Research Flashcards

1
Q

Careful and systematic investigation in some field of knowledge undertaken to discover or establish facts and principles

A

Research

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2
Q

the emphasis in obtaining evidence to support or refute proposed facts or principles

A

Scientific research

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3
Q

concerned with developing, exploring or testing the theories or ideas that social researchers have about how the world operates

A

Research is THEORETICAL

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4
Q

Based on observations and measurements of reality

A

Research is EMPIRICAL

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5
Q

a comparison of our theories about how the world operates with our observations of its operations

A

Research is BOTH THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL

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6
Q

laws or rules that pertain to the general case

A

Nomothetic

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7
Q

refers to laws or rules that relate to individual

A

Idiographic

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8
Q

error in reasoning, usually based on mistaken assumptions

A

fallacy

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9
Q

one make conclusions about individuals based only on analyses of group data

A

ecological fallacy

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10
Q

when a person reach a group conclusion on the basis of exceptional cases

A

exception fallacy

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11
Q

scientific method provides another way of obtaining information that is

A

ACCURATE and RELIABLE

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12
Q

experiment yields the same result on repeated trials

A

Reliability

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13
Q

freedom from mistake or error; conformity to truth

A

Accuracy

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14
Q

conducted to investigate issues relevant to the confirmation or disconfirmation of theoretical or empirical positions

A

Basic (fundamental or pure) research

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15
Q

main motivation of basic research

A

to expand man’s knowledge

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16
Q

major goal of basic research

A

to acquire general information

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17
Q

designed to solve practical problems of the modern world rather than to acquire knowledge

A

Applied research

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18
Q

goal of applied research

A

to improve the human condition

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19
Q

anything that a person finds unsatisfactory or unsettling

A

Research Problem

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20
Q

a state of affairs that needs to be change or improve

A

Research Problem

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21
Q

fuel that drives the scientific process, and is the foundation of any research method

A

Defining a research problem

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22
Q

Sources of Research Ideas

A

experiences
theory
applied issues

23
Q

curiosity about the causes or determinants of behavior

A

unsystematic observation

24
Q

a planned observation;

researcher decides what and how to observe

A

systematic observation

25
Q

a set of assumptions about the causes of behavior and rules that specify how those causes act

A

theories

26
Q

research ideas arise from the need to solve practical problems

A

applied issues

27
Q

potential researchability of the problem which makes it a good subject of scientific injury

A

feasibility of the research problem

28
Q

characteristic of good research problem

A

SMART

Scientific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time-sensitive

29
Q

connection or association between two or more characteristics or qualities

A

Relationship

30
Q

worthy of investigation

A

Significant

31
Q

on that can be investigated with available resources

A

Feasible

32
Q

three essential ways to clarify terms in the research question

A

Constitutive Definition
Definition by example
Operational definition

33
Q

require that researchers specify the actions or operations necessary to measure or identify

A

Operational definition

34
Q

not involve physical or psychological harm or damage to human beings

A

Ethical

35
Q

measurable characteristics that changes from one individual or one setting to another

A

variable

36
Q

specific value on a variable

A

attribute

37
Q

uses words or concepts to define a variable

A

Conceptual definition

38
Q

what one has learned from formal instruction

A

achievement

39
Q

one’s capability for performing a particular task or skill

A

aptitude

40
Q

indication of the meaning of a variable through specification of the manner by which it is measured, categorized or controlled

A

Operational definition

41
Q

consists of categories or attributes which have non-numerical characteristics

A

Qualitative variable

42
Q

consists of numbers representing counts or measurements

A

Quantitative Variable

43
Q

results from either a finite number of possible values or countable number of possible values

A

Discrete Quantitative Variable

44
Q

result from infinitely many possible values that can be associated with points on a continuous scale in a way that there are no gaps or interruptions

A

Continuous Quantitative Variable

45
Q

researcher chooses to study in order to assess their possible effect on one or more other variables

A

Independent Variables

46
Q

independent variables also called as

A

experimental or treatment variable

47
Q

variable affected or expected to be affected by independent variable

A

Dependent variables

48
Q

Dependent variables also called as

A

criterion or outcome variable

49
Q

those that affect the dependent variable but are not controlled adequately by the researcher

A

Extraneous variables

50
Q

confounding variable or factor also referred to as

A

confounder or a lurking variable

51
Q

a specific statement of prediction

A

hypothesis

52
Q

it describes in concrete terms what a researcher expect will happen in the study

A

Hypothesis

53
Q

support the existence of relationship between two variables

A

Alternative hypothesis (HA or H1)

54
Q

prediction that support the non-existence of relationship between two variables

A

Null hypothesis

Research Methodology (7 decks)

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