Basic Concept of Research

Question 1

Careful and systematic investigation in some field of knowledge undertaken to discover or establish facts and principles

Answer 1

Research

Question 2

the emphasis in obtaining evidence to support or refute proposed facts or principles

Answer 2

Scientific research

Question 3

concerned with developing, exploring or testing the theories or ideas that social researchers have about how the world operates

Answer 3

Research is THEORETICAL

Question 4

Based on observations and measurements of reality

Answer 4

Research is EMPIRICAL

Question 5

a comparison of our theories about how the world operates with our observations of its operations

Answer 5

Research is BOTH THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL

Question 6

laws or rules that pertain to the general case

Answer 6

Nomothetic

Question 7

refers to laws or rules that relate to individual

Answer 7

Idiographic

Question 8

error in reasoning, usually based on mistaken assumptions

Answer 8

fallacy

Question 9

one make conclusions about individuals based only on analyses of group data

Answer 9

ecological fallacy

Question 10

when a person reach a group conclusion on the basis of exceptional cases

Answer 10

exception fallacy

Question 11

scientific method provides another way of obtaining information that is

Answer 11

ACCURATE and RELIABLE

Question 12

experiment yields the same result on repeated trials

Answer 12

Reliability

Question 13

freedom from mistake or error; conformity to truth

Answer 13

Accuracy

Question 14

conducted to investigate issues relevant to the confirmation or disconfirmation of theoretical or empirical positions

Answer 14

Basic (fundamental or pure) research

Question 15

main motivation of basic research

Answer 15

to expand man’s knowledge

Question 16

major goal of basic research

Answer 16

to acquire general information

Question 17

designed to solve practical problems of the modern world rather than to acquire knowledge

Answer 17

Applied research

Question 18

goal of applied research

Answer 18

to improve the human condition

Question 19

anything that a person finds unsatisfactory or unsettling

Answer 19

Research Problem

Question 20

a state of affairs that needs to be change or improve

Answer 20

Research Problem

Question 21

fuel that drives the scientific process, and is the foundation of any research method

Answer 21

Defining a research problem

Question 22

Sources of Research Ideas

Answer 22

experiences
theory
applied issues

Question 23

curiosity about the causes or determinants of behavior

Answer 23

unsystematic observation

Question 24

a planned observation;

researcher decides what and how to observe

Answer 24

systematic observation

Question 25

a set of assumptions about the causes of behavior and rules that specify how those causes act

Answer 25

theories

Question 26

research ideas arise from the need to solve practical problems

Answer 26

applied issues

Question 27

potential researchability of the problem which makes it a good subject of scientific injury

Answer 27

feasibility of the research problem

Question 28

characteristic of good research problem

Answer 28

SMART | Scientific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time-sensitive

Question 29

connection or association between two or more characteristics or qualities

Answer 29

Relationship

Question 30

worthy of investigation

Answer 30

Significant

Question 31

on that can be investigated with available resources

Answer 31

Feasible

Question 32

three essential ways to clarify terms in the research question

Answer 32

Constitutive Definition Definition by example Operational definition

Question 33

require that researchers specify the actions or operations necessary to measure or identify

Answer 33

Operational definition

Question 34

not involve physical or psychological harm or damage to human beings

Answer 34

Ethical

Question 35

measurable characteristics that changes from one individual or one setting to another

Answer 35

variable

Question 36

specific value on a variable

Answer 36

attribute

Question 37

uses words or concepts to define a variable

Answer 37

Conceptual definition

Question 38

what one has learned from formal instruction

Answer 38

achievement

Question 39

one's capability for performing a particular task or skill

Answer 39

aptitude

Question 40

indication of the meaning of a variable through specification of the manner by which it is measured, categorized or controlled

Answer 40

Operational definition

Question 41

consists of categories or attributes which have non-numerical characteristics

Answer 41

Qualitative variable

Question 42

consists of numbers representing counts or measurements

Answer 42

Quantitative Variable

Question 43

results from either a finite number of possible values or countable number of possible values

Answer 43

Discrete Quantitative Variable

Question 44

result from infinitely many possible values that can be associated with points on a continuous scale in a way that there are no gaps or interruptions

Answer 44

Continuous Quantitative Variable

Question 45

researcher chooses to study in order to assess their possible effect on one or more other variables

Answer 45

Independent Variables

Question 46

independent variables also called as

Answer 46

experimental or treatment variable

Question 47

variable affected or expected to be affected by independent variable

Answer 47

Dependent variables

Question 48

Dependent variables also called as

Answer 48

criterion or outcome variable

Question 49

those that affect the dependent variable but are not controlled adequately by the researcher

Answer 49

Extraneous variables

Question 50

confounding variable or factor also referred to as

Answer 50

confounder or a lurking variable

Question 51

a specific statement of prediction

Answer 51

hypothesis

Question 52

it describes in concrete terms what a researcher expect will happen in the study

Answer 52

Hypothesis

Question 53

support the existence of relationship between two variables

Answer 53

Alternative hypothesis (HA or H1)

Question 54

prediction that support the non-existence of relationship between two variables

Answer 54

Null hypothesis