Ethical Issues Flashcards
Refers to questions of right and wrong
Ethics
Defined as conforming to the standards of conduct of a given profession
Ethical Behavior
Created to protect better the rights of research participants
Ethical principles
once the respondents has consented to participate in the study they are obliged to give full cooperation by providing truthful data
respondents/participants
has a number of responsibilities to fulfill in relations to the respondents
researcher
Requires that people not be coerced into participating in research
Voluntary participation
Subjects who are forced to participate
Captive audiences (prisons, universities)
Form where information is given to participants about the risks and benefits
Informed Consent
It means that prospective research participants must be fully inform about the procedures and risks involved and must give their consent to participate
Informed Consent
Where respondents are tricked into a particular action
Deception
can be defined both physical and psychological
Harm
once the data have been collected, researchers should make sure that no one else has access to the data
Confidentiality
means that the participant will remain anonymous throughout the study
Anonymity
This scientist called the attention of the american psychologists for lack of concern over the welfare of their research participants
William Edgar Vinacke
What year did Willian Edgar Vinacke call the attention of american psychologists?
1954
medical experiments were conducted at inmates who were unwilling participants
Nazi War Crimes
investigated the heinous experiment of the Nazi Medical Experiment
special “Doctor’s Trial”
Laid the groundwork for ethical standards in the psychological and medical research
Nuremberg Code (2011)
Medical researchers are obligated to protect the health, welfare and dignity of participants
Declaration of Helsinki
When and by who was the Declaration of Helsinki adopted
1964, World Medical association
A report issued in 1979 which further delineated ethical research practise with human participants
Belmont report
three basic principals of the Belmont report
Respect for person
Principles of Beneficence
Principles of Justice
Where persons are autonomous and capable of making their own decisions
Respect for person
Requires the protection of the well-being of the research participants
Principle of Beneficence
two components of principle of beneficence
- to do no harm to participants
2. to maximize the benefits while minimizing the harm
Divides the burden of research equally between the researcher and participant
Principles of Justice
Each should share in the costs and potential benefits of the research
Principles of Justice
Responsibility of research does not stop with how you treat your participants. Researchers are expected to promote accuracy, honesty, truthfulness in doing research
Importance of Research Integrity
Making up data or results and reporting on them
Data fabrication
Manipulating research materials, equipment, processes, or changing or omitting data or results
Falsification
Appropriation of another persons ideas, process or etc
Plagiarism
Enumerate what constitutes fraud
Data Fabrication
Falsification
Plagiarism
fraudulent, dishonest research has the potential to harm research participants and the credibility of scientist and science in general
Danger of Research Fraud
Means using another’s work without giving credit
Plagiarism
Includes original ideas
Work
Includes published work and unpublished sources
Source
