Research and ethics Flashcards

1
Q

what is quantitative research

A

reflects the philosophy that everything in the psychological world can be interpreted through numbers

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2
Q

name 3 circumstances where we should use quantitative research

A

identify cause and effect between variables
testing specific hypotheses
seeking to project results to a wider population

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3
Q

name 3 strengths of quantitative data

A

easy to describe and analyse
gives you definitive answer
easier to generalise

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4
Q

name 4 types of quantitative research

A

questionnaire
experimental
correlational
factorial

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5
Q

what are 4 ways we can measure numerical data

A

nominal/categorical
ordinal
interval
ratio

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6
Q

what are 2 reasons why we should replicate data

A

on piece of research does not make it a fact

add validity

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7
Q

what are 2 reasons why we shouldnt replicate research

A

harder to publish replicated studies

research should push boundaries and build on existing theorie

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8
Q

what are 3 reasons why a researcher would conduct a new piece of research

A

new sample, group, context
inconclusive findings
limitations of previous research

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9
Q

what is the purpose of experimental research

A

to statistically test a stated hypothesis

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10
Q

what does it mean if you accept the null hypothesis

A

any effect observed is due to random variability rather than the prediction made in the hypothesis

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11
Q

what is a hypothesis

A

a clear and specific prediction about the relationship between 2 variables
outlines how the prediction will be tested

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12
Q

what is a one tailed hypothesis

A

provides a definitive direction

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13
Q

what is a 2 tailed hypothesis

A

there will be an effect

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14
Q

what is a null hypothesis

A

stating there will be no relationship between the variables

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15
Q

what is the hypothetico-deductive model

A

a model where theories are evaluated by generating and testing hypotheses

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16
Q

what is falsifiability

A

you can never prove a hypothesis to be true, but you can show that it is false with a single observation SWANS

17
Q

what is a variable

A

something within the environment that can change between people/situations

18
Q

what is research ethics

A

the application of moral rules and professional codes of conduct to the collection, analysis, reporting and publication of information about research participants and other forms of research data

19
Q

what 3 things do ethics protect

A

the rights and well-being of participants
your own well-being, safety and professionalism
university, community and wider society

20
Q

what is the Nuremberg code

A

a set of research ethic principles for human experimentation set as a result of the Nuremberg trials at the end of WW2

21
Q

what did the Nuremberg code say

A

required is the voluntary, well-informed, understanding consent of the subject.
The experiment should aim at positive results for society
Humans have the right to withdraw
Staff should be properly trained

22
Q

The BPS code of ethics and conduct is based on which 4 key principle

A

respect
competence
responsibility
integrity

23
Q

BPS code of ethics and conduct

respect

A

respect all individual, cultural and role differences
avoid bias
privacy is vital

24
Q

BPS code of ethics and conduct

competence

A

professionalism is vital

planning ahead and seeking guidance

25
BPS code of ethics and conduct | responsibility
accept responsibility towards those taking part e.g participants, general public, psychology and yourself.
26
BPS code of ethics and conduct | integrity
``` the integrity of the research must surround the following ; honesty accuracy clarity fairness ```
27
The code of human research ethics is based upon what
BPS code of ethics and conduct
28
what is added to the code of human research ethics
maximising benefits and minimising risk | importance of informed consent
29
how can we confirm valid informed consent
sufficient information sufficient time appropriate from withdraw at any time
30
how can we ensure confidentiality
fiction names appropriate questions parameters of consent
31
how does the BPS maximise benefits and minimise harm
risk should b no greater that those encountered in real life
32
what are 3 positives of qualitative data
can be evaluated in depth detail interviews can be redirected more powerful data
33
how do you work out standard deviation
work out mean subtract mean from each number and square result work out mean of squared numbers take the square root