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PS11300 > Data and probability > Flashcards

Data and probability Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 types of data we have

A

quantitative

qualitiative

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2
Q

what are the 4 scales of data

A

nominal/categorical
ordinal
ration/interval
continuous/discrete

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3
Q

what is ordinal data

A

ordered data

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4
Q

can interval data go into negative values

A

yes

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5
Q

what is continuous data

A

scale of data that has points within each points

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6
Q

what is discrete data

A

when the unit of measurement cannot be split up

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7
Q

what are descriptive staistics

A

allow you to summarise and describe the characteristics of a set of data

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8
Q

what 4 things do descriptive data tell us

A

whether there is a pattern
whether people provided different/similar scores
whether there are anomalies
whether certain scores have a high frequency that others

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9
Q

what are the 3 measure of central tendency

A

mean
mode
medium

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10
Q

what are the 4 measure of dispersion

A

range
variance
standard deviation
interquartile range

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11
Q

what is a low variance

A

mean is representable of the data as there is more similar scores

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12
Q

what is high variance

A

mean is less representable of the data

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13
Q

what is standard deviation

A

the spread of the data around the mean

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14
Q

what scale is probability measured on

A

0-1

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15
Q

how do we work out probability

A

no.of ways it can happen/total no.of outcomes

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16
Q

what is the gamblers fallacy

A

the belief that if something happens more than expected during a given period, it will happen less frequently in the future

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17
Q

what percentage do we accept for probability

A

less than 5% 0.05

18
Q

what 2 things can a statistical test test?

A

test of relationships

test of differences

19
Q

statistical test

test of relationship

A

tests the correlation between 2 variables

20
Q

statistical test

test of differences

A

tests for significant differences between conditions

21
Q

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

correlation

A

R
pearson-parametric
spearman-non
relationship between 2 variables

22
Q

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

ANOVA

A

F
parametric
difference between 3+ groups

23
Q

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

t-test

A

T
parametric
difference between 2 groups

24
Q

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

wilcoxon

A

W
non-parametric
difference between 2 condtitions

25
Q

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

mann-whitney

A

U
non-parametric
difference between 2 groups

26
Q

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Friedman

A

x2
non-parametric
difference between 3+ conditions

27
Q

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Kruskal wallis

A

H
non-parametric
difference between 3+ groups

28
Q

what is random sampling

A

every member of the population has an equal opportunity to be chosen to participate i

29
Q

why do we have a sample of participants

A

we cant test every member of the population so we take a subset and generalise this to the entire population

30
Q

what are the 4 types of sample selection

A

random
stratified
cluster
opportunity

31
Q

what is stratified sampling

A

taking a sample from each group of the population according to the proportion within each group

32
Q

what is cluster sampling

A

sampling an already selected group within the population

33
Q

what is opportunistic sampling

A

picking the most convenient people available who were willing to take part

34
Q

what are 4 things to consider when picking participants

A

age
gender
ethnicity
time

35
Q

what are 3 measurement tools for an experiment

A

reaction time/accuracy
questionnaires
observations

36
Q

what are 3 issues with measurements

A

how accurate are the tools
how do we know what the participants true score is
every time we measure something, we also measure some degree of error

37
Q

what are the 2 degrees of error

A

systematic error

random error

38
Q

what is a systematic error

A

caused by equipment

39
Q

what is a random error

A

caused by anything else e.g. boredom

40
Q

what are 3 ways we can minimise error

A

take good measurements
minimise distractions for participants
test your procedure

PS11300 (5 decks)

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