Data and probability Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 types of data we have

A

quantitative

qualitiative

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2
Q

what are the 4 scales of data

A

nominal/categorical
ordinal
ration/interval
continuous/discrete

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3
Q

what is ordinal data

A

ordered data

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4
Q

can interval data go into negative values

A

yes

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5
Q

what is continuous data

A

scale of data that has points within each points

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6
Q

what is discrete data

A

when the unit of measurement cannot be split up

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7
Q

what are descriptive staistics

A

allow you to summarise and describe the characteristics of a set of data

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8
Q

what 4 things do descriptive data tell us

A

whether there is a pattern
whether people provided different/similar scores
whether there are anomalies
whether certain scores have a high frequency that others

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9
Q

what are the 3 measure of central tendency

A

mean
mode
medium

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10
Q

what are the 4 measure of dispersion

A

range
variance
standard deviation
interquartile range

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11
Q

what is a low variance

A

mean is representable of the data as there is more similar scores

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12
Q

what is high variance

A

mean is less representable of the data

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13
Q

what is standard deviation

A

the spread of the data around the mean

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14
Q

what scale is probability measured on

A

0-1

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15
Q

how do we work out probability

A

no.of ways it can happen/total no.of outcomes

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16
Q

what is the gamblers fallacy

A

the belief that if something happens more than expected during a given period, it will happen less frequently in the future

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17
Q

what percentage do we accept for probability

A

less than 5% 0.05

18
Q

what 2 things can a statistical test test?

A

test of relationships

test of differences

19
Q

statistical test

test of relationship

A

tests the correlation between 2 variables

20
Q

statistical test

test of differences

A

tests for significant differences between conditions

21
Q

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

correlation

A

R
pearson-parametric
spearman-non
relationship between 2 variables

22
Q

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

ANOVA

A

F
parametric
difference between 3+ groups

23
Q

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

t-test

A

T
parametric
difference between 2 groups

24
Q

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

wilcoxon

A

W
non-parametric
difference between 2 condtitions

25
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS | mann-whitney
U non-parametric difference between 2 groups
26
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS | Friedman
x2 non-parametric difference between 3+ conditions
27
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS | Kruskal wallis
H non-parametric difference between 3+ groups
28
what is random sampling
every member of the population has an equal opportunity to be chosen to participate i
29
why do we have a sample of participants
we cant test every member of the population so we take a subset and generalise this to the entire population
30
what are the 4 types of sample selection
random stratified cluster opportunity
31
what is stratified sampling
taking a sample from each group of the population according to the proportion within each group
32
what is cluster sampling
sampling an already selected group within the population
33
what is opportunistic sampling
picking the most convenient people available who were willing to take part
34
what are 4 things to consider when picking participants
age gender ethnicity time
35
what are 3 measurement tools for an experiment
reaction time/accuracy questionnaires observations
36
what are 3 issues with measurements
how accurate are the tools how do we know what the participants true score is every time we measure something, we also measure some degree of error
37
what are the 2 degrees of error
systematic error | random error
38
what is a systematic error
caused by equipment
39
what is a random error
caused by anything else e.g. boredom
40
what are 3 ways we can minimise error
take good measurements minimise distractions for participants test your procedure