Experimental designs Flashcards

1
Q

what is an experimental method

A

method that looks at cause and effect

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2
Q

what is a variable

A

anything in the environment that can change between people and across situations

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3
Q

if we want to determine reading speed, what 3 things can be a variable

A

difficulty of word
distractions
lighting

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4
Q

we cannot control all variables, which 3 popular ones can we not control

A

personality
consent
brain

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5
Q

what are 2 ways we an control variables

A

standardisation- stopping any other factors from influencing the outcome
ensuring the process is kept as constant across conditions and participants

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6
Q

what is between subjects sample

A

participants take part in one condition

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7
Q

what is within subjects sample

A

participants take part in all conditions

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8
Q

what is an advantage of between subjects sample

A

reduced chance of fatigue/practise effects

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9
Q

what is a disadvantage of between subjects sample

A

requires more participants which all vary

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10
Q

what is an advantage of within subjects sample

A

reduced participants variability

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11
Q

what is a disadvantage of within subjects sample

A

fatigue/practise effects

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12
Q

what is a way to ensure allocation is random

A

based on test scores and paired with that person

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13
Q

which statistical test you use depends on what 3 things

A

whether data is parametric or not
number of experimental conditions
whether the design was within subjects or between

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14
Q

when you use an independent t-test, what 3 things are required

A

parametric data
between subjects
two conditions

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15
Q

what does an independent t-test examine

A

the difference between the means of the two conditions

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16
Q

what are the 5 stages you go through when looking at making a statisitical decision

A
what type of data is it 
parametric or non?
what is the study looking at
what type of design was used
what was the hypothesis
17
Q

if youre testing a relationship between 2 variables, the data is parametric and youve got within subjects, what test do you use

A

Related t test

18
Q

if youre testing a relationship between 2 variables, the data is parametric and youve got between subjects, what test do you use

A

independent t test

19
Q

if youre testing a relationship between 2 variables, the data is non-parametric and youve got within subjects, what test do you use

20
Q

if youre testing a relationship between 2 variables, the data is parametric and youve got between subjects, what test do you use

A

mann whitely

21
Q

what 3 types of data can non parametric tests be used with

A

interval, ration and ordinal

22
Q

what does non parametric data do

A

rank the data in order

23
Q

does non parametric test create more or less reliable results

24
Q

what is a wilcoxon test used for

A

testing scores before and after an observation e.g. before and after CBT

25
what is mann whitely used for
test the difference between 2 conditions
26
is mann whitely used with parametric data or non
non parametric
27
summary of wilcoxon
calculate the difference between conditions and rank the differences
28
summary of mann whitely
rank scores individually but across all conditions, add up ranked scores separately
29
what is ANOVA
analysis of variance between 3+groups
30
what does ANOVA do
compares 3 or more groups to see if there is a statistical difference between them
31
what are the assumptions when using ANOVA
interval data normal distribution homogeneity of variance
32
instead of ANOVA why dont we do multiple t -tests
3x more chance of type or error