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Z BIO103 - MICROBIOLOGY (LECTURE) > Requirements for Growth > Flashcards

Requirements for Growth Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main requirements for growth?

A
  • Nutrition
  • Physical
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2
Q

Nutritional requirements for growth

A
  1. C-source (Carbon Source)
  2. N-source (Nitrogen Source)
  3. P-source (Phoshate Source)
  4. Trace Elements
  5. Vitamins
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3
Q

C-source

A
  • Autotrophs
  • Phototrophs
  • Heterotrophs
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4
Q
  • can produce their own food using light, water, and carbon dioxide
  • producers
  • photosynthetic organisms
  • algae, plants and some types of bacteria
A

Autotrophs

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5
Q
  • rely on other carbon source
  • glucose, fructose, galactose
  • eats other animals or plants for energy and nutrition
A

Heterotrophs

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6
Q

The term Heterotroph is from

A

Greek words
- “hetero” means other
- “trophe” means nourishment

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7
Q
  • can use visible light as a primary energy source for metabolism
  • blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)
A

Phototrophs

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8
Q

Two kinds of N-source

A
  • Organic Nitrogen
  • Inorganic Nitrogen
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9
Q
  • organic material resulting from decomposition
  • YE, Peptone, BE, ME
A

Organic Nitrogen

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10
Q
  • does not have carbon in its molecule
  • ammonium, nitrate
A

Inorganic Nitrogen

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11
Q
  • natural source of phosphorus
  • K2HPO4, KH2PO4 (buffers)
A

P-source (Phosphate source)

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12
Q
  • minerals present in living tissues in small amounts
  • needed only
  • Ca, Mg, Mn, Mo, Cl, Fe, S
  • to synthesize enzymes
A

Trace Elements

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13
Q

Vitamins

A
  • Vitamin B12
  • regulates the production of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and vital proteins
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14
Q

Physical requirements for growth

A
  1. Temperature
  2. pH
  3. Gas
  4. Moisture
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15
Q

most ideal temperature

A

Optimum

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16
Q

organisms that can survive in low temp

A

Mesophiles

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17
Q

organisms that can survive in high temp (100 degrees C)

A

Thermophiles

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18
Q

organisms that can survive in higher temp

A

Thermoduric

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19
Q

organisms that prefer lower temp but can survive through very cold temps

A

Psychroduric

20
Q

organisms that can survive in very low temp

A

Psychrophiles

21
Q

acidity and basicity of the medium

A

pH

22
Q

organisms are those that thrive under highly acidic conditions

A

Acidophilic or Acidophiles

23
Q

organisms that grow at high pH values

A

Alkaliphilic or Alkaliphiles

24
Q

____ affects pH of the organism

A

Solutes

25
Q

Gas requirement

A

aerobic
microaerobic
anaerobic
facultative
obligate facultative

26
Q

a process which uses oxygen to breakdown glucose into carbon

A

Aerobic

27
Q

a microorganism that requires environments containing lower levels of dioxygen than that are present in the atmosphere for optimal growth

A

Microaerobic

28
Q

organisms that can survive and grow where there is no oxygen

A

Anaerobic

29
Q

can change condition

A

Facultative

30
Q
  • synthesize DNA
  • heat-stable (thermostable) DNA polymerase extracted from the thermophilic bacteria Thermus aquaticus
A

Taq polymerase

31
Q

Kinds of Culture Media

A

Broth - liquid
Agar - solid

32
Q

Types of Culture Media

A
  1. Chemically selective
  2. Differential
  3. Selective
33
Q

defined media contain only chemically known components

A

Chemically Selective

34
Q

media favor the growth of some microorganisms while inhibiting others

A

Selective

35
Q

media help distinguish bacteria by the color of the colonies or the change in the medium

A

Differential

36
Q

Methods of Isolation

A
  1. Streak Plate
  2. Spread Plate
  3. Pour Plate
37
Q

an isolation technique where a bacterial sample is streaked over the surface of a plated agar medium

A

Streak Plate

38
Q

a technique that requires the culture to be diluted prior to plating so that the bacteria are easy to count and isolate

A

Spread Plate

39
Q
  • the bacteria are mixed with melted agar until evenly distributed and separated throughout the liquid
  • the melted agar is then poured into an empty plate and allowed to solidify
A

Pour Plate

40
Q

Stages of Growth

A
  1. Lag Phase
  2. Log/Exponential Growth
  3. Stationary
  4. Death Phase
41
Q
  • no increase in population
  • one of the earliest phases in the bacterial growth cycle
  • the bacteria tends to adapt itself to the growth conditions
  • the individual bacteria matures but does not divide yet
A

Lag Phase

42
Q

increase in population exponentially

A

Log/Exponential Growth

43
Q
  • population maintain
  • when conditions are no longer ideal for reproduction and cells start to experience stress that results in changed metabolic activity
A

Stationary

44
Q
  • population drops
  • the point where the living cells stop metabolic functions and begin the process of death
A

Death Phase

45
Q

Formula for Stages of Growth

A

Final Population - Initial Population divided by Time elapse

Z BIO103 - MICROBIOLOGY (LECTURE) (7 decks)

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