Requirements for Growth

Question 1

What are the two main requirements for growth?

Answer 1

• Nutrition
• Physical

Question 2

Nutritional requirements for growth

Answer 2

1. C-source (Carbon Source)
2. N-source (Nitrogen Source)
3. P-source (Phoshate Source)
4. Trace Elements
5. Vitamins

Question 3

C-source

Answer 3

• Autotrophs
• Phototrophs
• Heterotrophs

Question 4

• can produce their own food using light, water, and carbon dioxide
• producers
• photosynthetic organisms
• algae, plants and some types of bacteria

Answer 4

Autotrophs

Question 5

• rely on other carbon source
• glucose, fructose, galactose
• eats other animals or plants for energy and nutrition

Answer 5

Heterotrophs

Question 6

The term Heterotroph is from

Answer 6

Greek words
- “hetero” means other
- “trophe” means nourishment

Question 7

• can use visible light as a primary energy source for metabolism
• blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)

Answer 7

Phototrophs

Question 8

Two kinds of N-source

Answer 8

• Organic Nitrogen
• Inorganic Nitrogen

Question 9

• organic material resulting from decomposition
• YE, Peptone, BE, ME

Answer 9

Organic Nitrogen

Question 10

• does not have carbon in its molecule
• ammonium, nitrate

Answer 10

Inorganic Nitrogen

Question 11

• natural source of phosphorus
• K2HPO4, KH2PO4 (buffers)

Answer 11

P-source (Phosphate source)

Question 12

• minerals present in living tissues in small amounts
• needed only
• Ca, Mg, Mn, Mo, Cl, Fe, S
• to synthesize enzymes

Answer 12

Trace Elements

Question 13

Vitamins

Answer 13

• Vitamin B12
• regulates the production of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and vital proteins

Question 14

Physical requirements for growth

Answer 14

1. Temperature
2. pH
3. Gas
4. Moisture

Question 15

most ideal temperature

Answer 15

Optimum

Question 16

organisms that can survive in low temp

Answer 16

Mesophiles

Question 17

organisms that can survive in high temp (100 degrees C)

Answer 17

Thermophiles

Question 18

organisms that can survive in higher temp

Answer 18

Thermoduric

Question 19

organisms that prefer lower temp but can survive through very cold temps

Answer 19

Psychroduric

Question 20

organisms that can survive in very low temp

Answer 20

Psychrophiles

Question 21

acidity and basicity of the medium

Answer 21

pH

Question 22

organisms are those that thrive under highly acidic conditions

Answer 22

Acidophilic or Acidophiles

Question 23

organisms that grow at high pH values

Answer 23

Alkaliphilic or Alkaliphiles

Question 24

____ affects pH of the organism

Answer 24

Solutes

Question 25

Gas requirement

Answer 25

aerobic microaerobic anaerobic facultative obligate facultative

Question 26

a process which uses oxygen to breakdown glucose into carbon

Answer 26

Aerobic

Question 27

a microorganism that requires environments containing lower levels of dioxygen than that are present in the atmosphere for optimal growth

Answer 27

Microaerobic

Question 28

organisms that can survive and grow where there is no oxygen

Answer 28

Anaerobic

Question 29

can change condition

Answer 29

Facultative

Question 30

- synthesize DNA - heat-stable (thermostable) DNA polymerase extracted from the thermophilic bacteria Thermus aquaticus

Answer 30

Taq polymerase

Question 31

Kinds of Culture Media

Answer 31

Broth - liquid Agar - solid

Question 32

Types of Culture Media

Answer 32

1. Chemically selective 2. Differential 3. Selective

Question 33

defined media contain only chemically known components

Answer 33

Chemically Selective

Question 34

media favor the growth of some microorganisms while inhibiting others

Answer 34

Selective

Question 35

media help distinguish bacteria by the color of the colonies or the change in the medium

Answer 35

Differential

Question 36

Methods of Isolation

Answer 36

1. Streak Plate 2. Spread Plate 3. Pour Plate

Question 37

an isolation technique where a bacterial sample is streaked over the surface of a plated agar medium

Answer 37

Streak Plate

Question 38

a technique that requires the culture to be diluted prior to plating so that the bacteria are easy to count and isolate

Answer 38

Spread Plate

Question 39

- the bacteria are mixed with melted agar until evenly distributed and separated throughout the liquid - the melted agar is then poured into an empty plate and allowed to solidify

Answer 39

Pour Plate

Question 40

Stages of Growth

Answer 40

1. Lag Phase 2. Log/Exponential Growth 3. Stationary 4. Death Phase

Question 41

- no increase in population - one of the earliest phases in the bacterial growth cycle - the bacteria tends to adapt itself to the growth conditions - the individual bacteria matures but does not divide yet

Answer 41

Lag Phase

Question 42

increase in population exponentially

Answer 42

Log/Exponential Growth

Question 43

- population maintain - when conditions are no longer ideal for reproduction and cells start to experience stress that results in changed metabolic activity

Answer 43

Stationary

Question 44

- population drops - the point where the living cells stop metabolic functions and begin the process of death

Answer 44

Death Phase

Question 45

Formula for Stages of Growth

Answer 45

Final Population - Initial Population divided by Time elapse