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You're Passing the Exam Sis... This Isn't an Option > Required Formulas GIRL > Flashcards

Required Formulas GIRL Flashcards

1
Q

1 tsp = __ ml

A

5 ml = __ tsp

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2
Q

1 fl oz = ___ ml

A

actual 30 mL or approx. 29.57 mL = ___ fl oz

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3
Q

1 cup = ___ fl oz

A

8 fl oz = ____ cup(s)

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4
Q

1 cup = ____ mL

A

approx. 240 ml or actual 236. 56 mL = ____ cup(s)

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5
Q

1 pint = _____ oz

A

16 oz = _____ pint

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6
Q

1 pint = ____ mL

A

approx. 480 mL or actual 473 mL = _____ pint

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7
Q

1 quart = ______ pint(s)

A

2 pints = _____ quart(s)

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8
Q

1 quart = _____ mL

A

960 mL (approx.) or 946 mL (actual) = ___ quart

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9
Q

1 gallon = _____ quart(s)

A

4 quarts = _______ gallon (s)

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10
Q

1 gallon = ______ mL

A

3,840 mL (approx) or 3785 mL (actual) = _____ gallon

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11
Q

1 kg = ____ lbs

A

2.2 lbs = _____ kg

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12
Q

1 oz = _____ g

A

28.4 g = ______ 1 oz

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13
Q

1 lb = _______ g

A

454 g = _____ lb

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14
Q

1 grain = ____ mg

A

65 mg (approx) or 64.8 mg (actual) = ______ grain

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15
Q

mEq to mmol ratio for monovalent ions

A

1:1

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16
Q

mEq to mmol ratio for divalent ions

A

1: 0.5

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17
Q

1 in = _____ cm

A

2.54 cm = _____ in

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18
Q

1 meter = _____ cm

A

100 cm = ______ meter (s)

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19
Q

formula for percentage strength %w/w

A

X g/ 100 g = % __?__/__?__

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20
Q

Formula for percentage strength %w/v

A

Xg/100 mL

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21
Q

Formula for percentage strength %v/v

A

X ml/100 mL

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22
Q

Formula for ratio strength

A

= 100/percentage strength

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23
Q

Formula for percentage strength

A

= 100/ratio strength

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24
Q

How do you convert parts per million (PPM) to percent strength

A

Move the decimal left 4 places

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25
Q

How do you convert percentage strength to parts per million (PPM)

A

Move the decimal to the right 4 places

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26
Q

What is the formula for specific gravity

A

_______ = weight of substance (g)/weight of equal volume of water (g or mL)

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27
Q

What is the formula for dilution and concentration when changing the strength or quantity of something

A

Q1 (old quantity) X C1 (old concentration) = Q2 (new quantity) X C2 (new concentration)

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28
Q

What is the layout for completing an alligation problem

A

High % ——-> X parts of High %
Desired %

Low % ——–> X parts of Low %

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29
Q

What is the formula for finding the osmolarity of something? (mOsmol/L)

A

= [Wt of a substance (g/L) / Molecular weight (g/mole) ] X # of dissociation particles X 1000

You are usually solving for g/L and remember the dissociation particles

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30
Q

What is the formula for isotonicity (E value)

A

E = (58.5 x i) / (MW of drug) (1.8)

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31
Q

Formula for moles

A

= g/mw

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32
Q

Formula for mmol

A

= mg/mw

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33
Q

Formula for mEq

A

= mg x valence / MW or = mmols x valence

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34
Q

How many kcals are in 1g of protein or amino acid solution or carbohydrate

A

4 kcals are in 1g of ______ or _________

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35
Q

How many kcals are in 1g of Dextrose monohydrate

A

3.4 kcals are in 1g of ______

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36
Q

How many kcals are in 1 g of fat

A

9 kcals are in 1g of ______

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37
Q

ILE (intravenous lipid emulsion) 10% = ____ kcal/mL

A

ILE ____% = 1.1 kcal/mL

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38
Q

ILE (intravenous lipid emulsion) 20% = ____ kcal/mL

A

ILE ____ % = 2 kcal/mL

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39
Q

ILE (intravenous lipid emulsion) 30% = ____ kcal/mL

A

ILE ____% = 3 kcal/mL

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40
Q

What is the formula for determining fluid needs

A

When weight is > 20 kg: use
1,500 mL + (20 mL)(weight in kg - 20)

we can estimate using 30-40 ml/kg/day

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41
Q

Total energy expenditure (TEE)

A

= BEE x activity factor x stress factor

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42
Q

Grams of nitrogen from protein

A

grams of _______ = protein intake (g)/6.25

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43
Q

Corrected calcium for albumin < 3.5 (not needed with ionized Ca)

A

_________ mg/dL = reported serum calcium + [(4.0 -albumin) x 0.8]

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44
Q

BMI (kg/m^2)

A

weight (kg)/height (m^2) OR weight (lbs)/height (in^2) x 703

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45
Q

Cockroft Gault (CrCl)

A

____ = [(140- age) x weight (kg)]/72 x Scr
____ = 0.85 x [(140- age) x weight (kg)]/72 x Scr

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46
Q

IBW males vs females

A

50 kg + 2.3 (inches > 60in or 5 feet)
45.5 + 2.3 (inches > 60in or 5 feet)

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47
Q

Adjusted BW

A

= IBW + 0.4(TBW - IBW)

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48
Q

What weight should you use to dose Roberta’s drugs if she is underweight

A

Total Body weight

49
Q

What weight should you use to dose Roberta’s acylcovir, aminophylline, theophylline, or levothyroxine?

A

IBW should definitely be used to dose which drugs

50
Q

When should you use AdjBW and for patients on aminoglycosides

A

for obese patients on aminglycosides

51
Q

How do you calculate the flow rates/drop factor (drops/min)

A

(#drops/mL) X (ml/hr) X (hr / 60 min) =

52
Q

What is the BUN:Scr ratio that indicates dehydration

A

BUN:Scr > 20:1 means the patient is _______

53
Q

ABG (arterial blood gas) consists of

A

pH/pCO2/pO2/HCO3/O2sat

54
Q

pH < 7.35 would mean Roberta is in what state

A

acidosis state is pH < _____

55
Q

pH > 7.45 would mean Roberta is in what state

A

alkaline state is when pH> ______

56
Q

What do significant changes in pCO2 indicate

A

pCO2 < 35 –> respiratory alkalosis
pCO2 > 45 —> respiratory acidosis

pCO2 is acidic and related to respiration

57
Q

What do significant changes in HCO3- indicate

A

HCO3- > 26 –> alkalosis
HCO3- < 22 –> acidosis

HCO3- is alkaline and related to metabolism (regulated by kidneys; eventually taken to lungs through blood then converted to CO2 and excreted)

58
Q

pCO2 > 45 + pH < 7.35 means

A

respiratory acidosis means ____ pH and ____ pCO2

59
Q

pCO2 < 35 + pH > 7.45 means

A

respiratory alkalosis means _____ pH and ____ pCO2

60
Q

HCO3 - > 26 + pH > 7.45 means

A

metabolic alkalosis means _____ pH and _____ HCO3-

61
Q

HCO3- < 22 + pH < 7.35 means

A

metabolic acidosis means _____ pH and ____ HCO3-

62
Q

Anion gap (AG) formula and use

A

= Na - Cl - HCO3-

It’s an important diagnostic tool for the cause of metabolic acidosis. The difference in sum of cations vs anions = the anion gap. Normal values: 3-11 mEq

63
Q

formula for weak acid

A

pH = pKa + log [salt/acid]

64
Q

formula for weak base

A

pH = pKa + log [base/salt]

65
Q

Calculating percent ionization for Weak acid

A

% ionization = 100/ [1+(10^pKa-pH)]

66
Q

Calculating percent ionization for Weak base

A

% ionization = 100/ [1+(10^pH-pKa)]

67
Q

Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) (cells/mm^3)

A

= WBC x [(% segs + % bands)/100]

68
Q

Celsius to Farenheit conversion

A

F= (C* 1.8) + 32

69
Q

Celsius to Farenheit conversion

A

F = (C x 1.8) + 32

70
Q

Time to Burn (with sunscreen in min)=

A

SPF x TTB (without sunscreen)

71
Q

What does the mode in biostatistics represent

A

the value that occurs most frequently

72
Q

What is the formula to calculate risk in biostatistics

A

R = # subjects in group with unfavorable event/ total # subjects

73
Q

What is the formula to calculate relative risk (RR)

A

= risk in treatment group/risk in control group

74
Q

What is the formula to calculate Relative Risk Reduction (RRR)

A

=(% risk in control group - % risk in the treatment group)/ % risk in the control group

75
Q

What is the absolute risk reduction (ARR)

A

= (% risk in control group) - (% risk in treatment group)

76
Q

What is the formula for number needed to treat (NNT) or number needed to harm (NNH)

A

=1/Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR - expressed as decimal)

77
Q

What is the formula for calculating Odds ratio (OR)

A

= [(outcome present + exposure present) X (outcome absent + exposure absent)] / [(outcome present + exposure absent) X (outcome absent + exposure present)]

[(present + present) x (absent + absent)] / [(present + absent) x (absent + present)]

78
Q

Hazard Ratio (HR)

A

Hazard rate in TREATMENT group/hazard rate in CONTROL group

79
Q

Incremental cost effectiveness ratio

A

= (C2-C1)/(E2-E1)

C= costs , E = effects

80
Q

Pack per Year Smoking History Calculator

A

____ = Cigarette packs/day x years smoked

81
Q

Total daily dose of insulin (TDD) & choosing basal & rapid acting doses

A

____ =0.5 u/kg/day using TBW

Dividing in half will give you the amount needed for basal and rapid acting (split among meals) - if they’re on insulin regular, then 2/3 basal and 1/3 rapid acting.

82
Q

Carb ratio for insulin regular

A

Rule of 450:
450/TDD = grams of carbs covered by 1 u regular of insulin

83
Q

Carb ratio for rapid acting insulin

A

Rule of 500:
500/TDD = grams of carbs covered by 1 u of rapid acting insulin

84
Q

Correction factor for regular insulin

A

Rule 1,500:

1,500/TDD = correction factor for 1 unit of regular insulin

85
Q

Correction factor Rapid acting insulin

A

Rule 1,800:

1,800/TDD = correction factor for 1 unit of rapid acting insulin

86
Q

How to correct the insulin dose

A

(blood glucose now - target blood glucose) / correction factor = correction dose

87
Q

Friedwald Equation for Dyslipidemia

A

LDL = TC - HDL - (TG*/5) (Do not use if TG= is 400)

88
Q

Minimum Weighable Quantity (MWQ) for compounding

A

Sensitivity requirement /acceptable error rate (usually 0.5)

89
Q

BSA calculations

A

BSA (m^2) = square root of [(cm x kg)/3600]

90
Q

Bioavailability (F)

A

F(%) = 100 x (AUC extravascular/AUC intravenous) x (Dose intravenous/Dose extravascular)

91
Q

Volume of distribution

A

Vd = amount of drug in body/concentration of drug in plasma

92
Q

Clearance

A

Cl = (F x dose)/AUC or Cl = ke x Vd

93
Q

Elimination rate constant

A

ke= Cl/Vd

94
Q

Predicting Drug Concentrations

A

C2 = C1 x e^-kt , ke = ln * (C1/C2)/t

95
Q

Half life Calculation

A

t1/2 = 0.693/ke

96
Q

Loading dose

A

(Desired concentration x Vd)/F

97
Q

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

A

(2*diastolic pressure) + systolic pressure)/3

98
Q

Phenytoin total correction for albumin < 3.5

A

Phenytoin corrected (mcg/ml) = total phenytoin measured/((0.2 * albumin) + 0.1)

99
Q

Drug dose conversion: oral KCl to tablets

A

KCl 10% = 20 mEq/15 mL

100
Q

Percent elemental calcium in calcium carbonate

A

= 40% elemental calcium

101
Q

Percent elemental calcium in calcium citrate

A

= 21% elemental calcium

102
Q

Aminophylline conversion to theophylline or vice versa

A

ATM (A to T multiply by 0.8)
Theophylline to Aminophylline is divide by .8

103
Q

Drug dose conversion: Statins

A

Pitavastatin 2 mg
Rosuvastatin 5 mg
Atorvastatin 10 mg
Simvastatin 20 mg
Lovastatin 40 mg & Pravastatin 40 mg
Fluvastatin 80 mg

104
Q

Metoprolol IV:PO conversion

A

1 IV : 2.5 PO

105
Q

Drug dose conversion: Loop Diuretics

A

Ethacrynic acid 50 mg
Furosemide 40 mg
Torsemide 20 mg
Bumetanide 1 mg

106
Q

Furosemide IV to PO conversion

A

IV:PO =1 : 2

107
Q

Converting loop diuretics from IV to PO (excluding furosemide)

A

IV:PO 1 : 1

108
Q

Elemental iron in ferrous sulfate

A

20% of elemental iron

109
Q

Dose conversions between insulins (excluding teujeo or NPH)

A

1:1

110
Q

Dose conversions between insulin NPH BID to daily glargine

A

Use 80% of the NPH daily dose to get daily glargine dose

111
Q

Dose conversions between Toujeo insulin and glargine or detemir

A

Use 80% of toujeo dose to get to daily glargine or detemir dose

112
Q

Levothyroxine conversion from IV to PO

A

IV:PO = 0.75:1

113
Q

Dose Conversions between Steroids

A

Cortisone 25 mg
Hydrocortisone 20 mg
Prednisone 5 mg & Prednisolone 5 mg
Methylprednisolone 4 mg & Triamcinolone 4 mg
Dexamethasone 0.75 mg
Betamethasone 0.6 mg

114
Q

Opioids methodology?? look this up on page 762

A
115
Q

Number of dissociation particles in dextrose and mannitol

A

1

116
Q

Number of dissociation particles in
Potassium Chloride (KCl)
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Sodium acetate (NaC2H3O2)
Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)

A

2

117
Q

Number of dissociation particles in Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)

A

3

118
Q

Number of dissociation particles in Sodium Citrate (Na3C6,H5,O7)

A

4

119
Q

lithium 5 ml citrate syrup =
300 mg lithium carbonate
= 8 mEq lithium ion

A

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