Required Formulas GIRL Flashcards
1 tsp = __ ml
5 ml = __ tsp
1 fl oz = ___ ml
actual 30 mL or approx. 29.57 mL = ___ fl oz
1 cup = ___ fl oz
8 fl oz = ____ cup(s)
1 cup = ____ mL
approx. 240 ml or actual 236. 56 mL = ____ cup(s)
1 pint = _____ oz
16 oz = _____ pint
1 pint = ____ mL
approx. 480 mL or actual 473 mL = _____ pint
1 quart = ______ pint(s)
2 pints = _____ quart(s)
1 quart = _____ mL
960 mL (approx.) or 946 mL (actual) = ___ quart
1 gallon = _____ quart(s)
4 quarts = _______ gallon (s)
1 gallon = ______ mL
3,840 mL (approx) or 3785 mL (actual) = _____ gallon
1 kg = ____ lbs
2.2 lbs = _____ kg
1 oz = _____ g
28.4 g = ______ 1 oz
1 lb = _______ g
454 g = _____ lb
1 grain = ____ mg
65 mg (approx) or 64.8 mg (actual) = ______ grain
mEq to mmol ratio for monovalent ions
1:1
mEq to mmol ratio for divalent ions
1: 0.5
1 in = _____ cm
2.54 cm = _____ in
1 meter = _____ cm
100 cm = ______ meter (s)
formula for percentage strength %w/w
X g/ 100 g = % __?__/__?__
Formula for percentage strength %w/v
Xg/100 mL
Formula for percentage strength %v/v
X ml/100 mL
Formula for ratio strength
= 100/percentage strength
Formula for percentage strength
= 100/ratio strength
How do you convert parts per million (PPM) to percent strength
Move the decimal left 4 places
How do you convert percentage strength to parts per million (PPM)
Move the decimal to the right 4 places
What is the formula for specific gravity
_______ = weight of substance (g)/weight of equal volume of water (g or mL)
What is the formula for dilution and concentration when changing the strength or quantity of something
Q1 (old quantity) X C1 (old concentration) = Q2 (new quantity) X C2 (new concentration)
What is the layout for completing an alligation problem
High % ——-> X parts of High %
Desired %
Low % ——–> X parts of Low %
What is the formula for finding the osmolarity of something? (mOsmol/L)
= [Wt of a substance (g/L) / Molecular weight (g/mole) ] X # of dissociation particles X 1000
You are usually solving for g/L and remember the dissociation particles
What is the formula for isotonicity (E value)
E = (58.5 x i) / (MW of drug) (1.8)
Formula for moles
= g/mw
Formula for mmol
= mg/mw
Formula for mEq
= mg x valence / MW or = mmols x valence
How many kcals are in 1g of protein or amino acid solution or carbohydrate
4 kcals are in 1g of ______ or _________
How many kcals are in 1g of Dextrose monohydrate
3.4 kcals are in 1g of ______
How many kcals are in 1 g of fat
9 kcals are in 1g of ______
ILE (intravenous lipid emulsion) 10% = ____ kcal/mL
ILE ____% = 1.1 kcal/mL
ILE (intravenous lipid emulsion) 20% = ____ kcal/mL
ILE ____ % = 2 kcal/mL
ILE (intravenous lipid emulsion) 30% = ____ kcal/mL
ILE ____% = 3 kcal/mL
What is the formula for determining fluid needs
When weight is > 20 kg: use
1,500 mL + (20 mL)(weight in kg - 20)
we can estimate using 30-40 ml/kg/day
Total energy expenditure (TEE)
= BEE x activity factor x stress factor
Grams of nitrogen from protein
grams of _______ = protein intake (g)/6.25
Corrected calcium for albumin < 3.5 (not needed with ionized Ca)
_________ mg/dL = reported serum calcium + [(4.0 -albumin) x 0.8]
BMI (kg/m^2)
weight (kg)/height (m^2) OR weight (lbs)/height (in^2) x 703
Cockroft Gault (CrCl)
____ = [(140- age) x weight (kg)]/72 x Scr
____ = 0.85 x [(140- age) x weight (kg)]/72 x Scr
IBW males vs females
50 kg + 2.3 (inches > 60in or 5 feet)
45.5 + 2.3 (inches > 60in or 5 feet)
Adjusted BW
= IBW + 0.4(TBW - IBW)
What weight should you use to dose Roberta’s drugs if she is underweight
Total Body weight
What weight should you use to dose Roberta’s acylcovir, aminophylline, theophylline, or levothyroxine?
IBW should definitely be used to dose which drugs
When should you use AdjBW and for patients on aminoglycosides
for obese patients on aminglycosides
How do you calculate the flow rates/drop factor (drops/min)
(#drops/mL) X (ml/hr) X (hr / 60 min) =
What is the BUN:Scr ratio that indicates dehydration
BUN:Scr > 20:1 means the patient is _______
ABG (arterial blood gas) consists of
pH/pCO2/pO2/HCO3/O2sat
pH < 7.35 would mean Roberta is in what state
acidosis state is pH < _____
pH > 7.45 would mean Roberta is in what state
alkaline state is when pH> ______
What do significant changes in pCO2 indicate
pCO2 < 35 –> respiratory alkalosis
pCO2 > 45 —> respiratory acidosis
pCO2 is acidic and related to respiration
What do significant changes in HCO3- indicate
HCO3- > 26 –> alkalosis
HCO3- < 22 –> acidosis
HCO3- is alkaline and related to metabolism (regulated by kidneys; eventually taken to lungs through blood then converted to CO2 and excreted)
pCO2 > 45 + pH < 7.35 means
respiratory acidosis means ____ pH and ____ pCO2
pCO2 < 35 + pH > 7.45 means
respiratory alkalosis means _____ pH and ____ pCO2
HCO3 - > 26 + pH > 7.45 means
metabolic alkalosis means _____ pH and _____ HCO3-
HCO3- < 22 + pH < 7.35 means
metabolic acidosis means _____ pH and ____ HCO3-
Anion gap (AG) formula and use
= Na - Cl - HCO3-
It’s an important diagnostic tool for the cause of metabolic acidosis. The difference in sum of cations vs anions = the anion gap. Normal values: 3-11 mEq
formula for weak acid
pH = pKa + log [salt/acid]
formula for weak base
pH = pKa + log [base/salt]
Calculating percent ionization for Weak acid
% ionization = 100/ [1+(10^pKa-pH)]
Calculating percent ionization for Weak base
% ionization = 100/ [1+(10^pH-pKa)]
Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) (cells/mm^3)
= WBC x [(% segs + % bands)/100]
Celsius to Farenheit conversion
F= (C* 1.8) + 32
Celsius to Farenheit conversion
F = (C x 1.8) + 32
Time to Burn (with sunscreen in min)=
SPF x TTB (without sunscreen)
What does the mode in biostatistics represent
the value that occurs most frequently
What is the formula to calculate risk in biostatistics
R = # subjects in group with unfavorable event/ total # subjects
What is the formula to calculate relative risk (RR)
= risk in treatment group/risk in control group
What is the formula to calculate Relative Risk Reduction (RRR)
=(% risk in control group - % risk in the treatment group)/ % risk in the control group
What is the absolute risk reduction (ARR)
= (% risk in control group) - (% risk in treatment group)
What is the formula for number needed to treat (NNT) or number needed to harm (NNH)
=1/Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR - expressed as decimal)
What is the formula for calculating Odds ratio (OR)
= [(outcome present + exposure present) X (outcome absent + exposure absent)] / [(outcome present + exposure absent) X (outcome absent + exposure present)]
[(present + present) x (absent + absent)] / [(present + absent) x (absent + present)]
Hazard Ratio (HR)
Hazard rate in TREATMENT group/hazard rate in CONTROL group
Incremental cost effectiveness ratio
= (C2-C1)/(E2-E1)
C= costs , E = effects
Pack per Year Smoking History Calculator
____ = Cigarette packs/day x years smoked
Total daily dose of insulin (TDD) & choosing basal & rapid acting doses
____ =0.5 u/kg/day using TBW
Dividing in half will give you the amount needed for basal and rapid acting (split among meals) - if they’re on insulin regular, then 2/3 basal and 1/3 rapid acting.
Carb ratio for insulin regular
Rule of 450:
450/TDD = grams of carbs covered by 1 u regular of insulin
Carb ratio for rapid acting insulin
Rule of 500:
500/TDD = grams of carbs covered by 1 u of rapid acting insulin
Correction factor for regular insulin
Rule 1,500:
1,500/TDD = correction factor for 1 unit of regular insulin
Correction factor Rapid acting insulin
Rule 1,800:
1,800/TDD = correction factor for 1 unit of rapid acting insulin
How to correct the insulin dose
(blood glucose now - target blood glucose) / correction factor = correction dose
Friedwald Equation for Dyslipidemia
LDL = TC - HDL - (TG*/5) (Do not use if TG= is 400)
Minimum Weighable Quantity (MWQ) for compounding
Sensitivity requirement /acceptable error rate (usually 0.5)
BSA calculations
BSA (m^2) = square root of [(cm x kg)/3600]
Bioavailability (F)
F(%) = 100 x (AUC extravascular/AUC intravenous) x (Dose intravenous/Dose extravascular)
Volume of distribution
Vd = amount of drug in body/concentration of drug in plasma
Clearance
Cl = (F x dose)/AUC or Cl = ke x Vd
Elimination rate constant
ke= Cl/Vd
Predicting Drug Concentrations
C2 = C1 x e^-kt , ke = ln * (C1/C2)/t
Half life Calculation
t1/2 = 0.693/ke
Loading dose
(Desired concentration x Vd)/F
Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
(2*diastolic pressure) + systolic pressure)/3
Phenytoin total correction for albumin < 3.5
Phenytoin corrected (mcg/ml) = total phenytoin measured/((0.2 * albumin) + 0.1)
Drug dose conversion: oral KCl to tablets
KCl 10% = 20 mEq/15 mL
Percent elemental calcium in calcium carbonate
= 40% elemental calcium
Percent elemental calcium in calcium citrate
= 21% elemental calcium
Aminophylline conversion to theophylline or vice versa
ATM (A to T multiply by 0.8)
Theophylline to Aminophylline is divide by .8
Drug dose conversion: Statins
Pitavastatin 2 mg
Rosuvastatin 5 mg
Atorvastatin 10 mg
Simvastatin 20 mg
Lovastatin 40 mg & Pravastatin 40 mg
Fluvastatin 80 mg
Metoprolol IV:PO conversion
1 IV : 2.5 PO
Drug dose conversion: Loop Diuretics
Ethacrynic acid 50 mg
Furosemide 40 mg
Torsemide 20 mg
Bumetanide 1 mg
Furosemide IV to PO conversion
IV:PO =1 : 2
Converting loop diuretics from IV to PO (excluding furosemide)
IV:PO 1 : 1
Elemental iron in ferrous sulfate
20% of elemental iron
Dose conversions between insulins (excluding teujeo or NPH)
1:1
Dose conversions between insulin NPH BID to daily glargine
Use 80% of the NPH daily dose to get daily glargine dose
Dose conversions between Toujeo insulin and glargine or detemir
Use 80% of toujeo dose to get to daily glargine or detemir dose
Levothyroxine conversion from IV to PO
IV:PO = 0.75:1
Dose Conversions between Steroids
Cortisone 25 mg
Hydrocortisone 20 mg
Prednisone 5 mg & Prednisolone 5 mg
Methylprednisolone 4 mg & Triamcinolone 4 mg
Dexamethasone 0.75 mg
Betamethasone 0.6 mg
Opioids methodology?? look this up on page 762
Number of dissociation particles in dextrose and mannitol
1
Number of dissociation particles in
Potassium Chloride (KCl)
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Sodium acetate (NaC2H3O2)
Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)
2
Number of dissociation particles in Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)
3
Number of dissociation particles in Sodium Citrate (Na3C6,H5,O7)
4
lithium 5 ml citrate syrup =
300 mg lithium carbonate
= 8 mEq lithium ion
