Lab Values & Drug Monitoring Flashcards
True or false: Home test kits exist for things like HIV and herpes, fecal occult blood
True.
What is therapeutic drug monitoring?
Obtaining a drug level or other relevant labs to monitor efficacy and safety
Often performed by pharmacists
CBC vs CBC with differential
Complete blood count panel analyzes white blood cells aka neutrophils, along with red blood cells, and platelets
CBC with differential analyzes the types of neutrophils which are types of WBCs
BMP
Basic metabolic panel (think of the fish skeleton model)
7-8 tests that analyze the electrolytes, glucose, renal function & acid base with bicarbonate status, sometimes anion gap is calculated too
BMP and CMP can be ordered together for convenience
CMP
Comprehensive metabolic panel includes BMP tests + albumin , alanine aminotranferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total albumin, and total protein
BMP and CMP can be ordered together for convenience
Stem cells (hematopoetic cells) in the bone marrow produce which kinds of cells
WBCs aka leukocytes, RBCs aka erythrocytes, and PLTs
Immature RBCs are called reticulocytes
What are the types of WBCs
Types of white blood cells are granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), monocytes, and lymphocytes (T cells and B cells)
Never
Let
Monkeys
Eat
Bananas
Describe the layout of the stick diagrams for the fish bone and the cat whiskers
Fishbone:
Na|Cl- |BUN|
K+ |HCO3-|SCr. | Glu
Cat whiskers”
WBC. Hbg/Hct Plt
Define leukocytosis
increased WBCs
Define polycythemia
increased RBCs
Define thrombocytosis
increased PLTs
Define leukopenia
decreased WBCs
Define Anemia
decreased RBCs and Hgb
Define thrombocytopenia
decreased platelets
Define myelosuppression
decreased WBCs, RBCs, and PLT’s
Define agranulocytosis
Decreased granulocytes (WBCs with granules: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils)
Drugs that cause agranulocytosis
Clozapine
Propylthiouracil
methimazole
procainamide
carbamazepine
sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
isoniazid
Total Ca+ normal range
8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL
Ionized Ca+ normal range
4.5 -5.1 mg/dL
If ionized Ca+ is below normal range, do we need to calculate corrected calcium?
No. We would only need to if the albumin is low and we have the total calcium value. Ionized calcium does not require correction.
T or F? Calcium should be supplemented in pregnancy and in osteoporosis/osteopenia and certain drugs
True girl.
What are reasons Ca+ levels increase
Vitamin D or calcium supplementation, or thiazide diuretics
What are reasons Ca+ levels decrease
long term heparin use, loop diuretics, bisphosphonates, cinacalcet, systemic steroids, calcitonin, foscarnet, and topiramate
Normal chloride levels
95-106 mEq/L - helps us understand acid bace and fluid balance