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Required Formulas Flashcards

1
Q

1 tsp = ___ mL

A

5 mL

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2
Q

1 tbsp = ___ mL

A

15 mL

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3
Q

1 fl oz = ___ mL

A

30 mL

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4
Q

1 cup = ___oz

A

8 oz

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5
Q

1 pint = ___ oz

A

16 oz

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6
Q

1 quart = ___ pints

A

2 pints

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7
Q

1 gallon = ___ quarts

A

4 quarts

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8
Q

1 kg = ___ lbs

A

2.2 lbs

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9
Q

1 oz = ___ g

A

28.4 g

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10
Q

1 lb = ___ g

A

454 g

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11
Q

1 grain = ___ mg

A

65 mg

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12
Q

mEq to mmol for monovalent and divalent ions

A

1:1 for monovalent
1:0.5 for divalent

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13
Q

1 inch = ___ cm

A

2.54 cm

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14
Q

1 meter = ___ cm

A

100 cm

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15
Q

% w/v equation

A

X g/100mL

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16
Q

% v/v equation

A

X mL/100mL

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17
Q

% w/w equation

A

X g/100g

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18
Q

Percentage strength equation

A

100/ratio strength

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19
Q

Ratio strength equation

A

100/percentage strength

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20
Q

PPM –> percentage strength

A

move decimal LEFT 4 places

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21
Q

Percentage strength –> PPM

A

move decimal RIGHT 4 places

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22
Q

Specific gravity equation

A

weight of substance (g)/weight of equal volume of water (g)
OR
g/mL

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23
Q

dilution and concentration equation (changing strength or quantity

A

Q1 x C1 = Q2 x C2
1 = old
2 = new

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24
Q

Alligation calculation

A

high % - desired conc = X parts low %
desired conc - low % = X parts high conc

Desired amount / TOTAL parts = weight per part

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25
Q

Osmolarity equation

A

mOsmol/L = wt of substance (g/L)/MW (g/mol) x (# of particles) x 1000

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26
Q

Isotonicity equation (E value)

A

(58.5)(i)/(MW of drug x 1.8)

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27
Q

Moles and millimoles equation

A

mols = g/MW
mmols = mg/MW

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28
Q

Enteral nutrition calories

A

Carbs, protein = 4 kcal/gram
Fat = 9 kcal/gram

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29
Q

Parenteral nutrition calories

A

Dextrose monohydrate = 3.4 kcal/gram
Amino acid solution = 4 kcal/gram
ILE 10% = 1.1 kcal/gram
ILE 20% = 2 kcal/gram
ILE 30% = 3 kcal/gram

30
Q

Determining fluid needs equation

A

When weight > 20 kg: 1500 mL + 20 mL x (weight in kg - 20 kg)
Can estimate using 30-40 mL/kg/day

31
Q

Total energy expenditure (TEE)

A

TEE = BEE x activity factor x stress factor

32
Q

Grams of nitrogen from protein

A

nitrogen (g) = protein intake (g)/6.25

33
Q

Corrected calcium for albumin < 3.5

A

Ca + [(4.0-albumin) x 0.8]

34
Q

BMI

A

weight (kg)/[height (m)]^2

OR

weight (lbs)/[height(inches)]^2 x 703

35
Q

Ideal body weight equation (IBW)

A

Males = 50 + 2.3(number of inches over 5 feet)
Females = 45.5 + 2.3(number of inches over 5 feet)

36
Q

Adjusted body weight equation

A

IBW + 0.4(TBW-IBW)

37
Q

Dehydration equation

A

BUN:SCr > 20:1

38
Q

Cockcroft-Gault Equation

A

CrCl = (140-age)(weight)/(72xSCr) (x0.85 if female)

Underweight = TBW
Normal weight (BMI< 25) = IBW
Overweight (BMI>25) = AdjBW

39
Q

How to read an ABG

A

pH/pCO2/pO2/HCO3/O2 Sat

pH<7.35 = acidosis
pH>7.45 = alkalosis
Respiratory: pCO2<35 = alkalosis; pCO2>45 = acidosis
Metabolic: pHCO3 >26 = alkalosis; pHCO3<22 = acidosis

40
Q

Anion gap calculation

A

Na - Cl - HCO3

41
Q

Weak acid pH calculation

A

pH = pKa + log[salt/acid]

42
Q

Weak base pH calculation

A

pH = pKa + log[base/salt]

43
Q

weak acid % ionization calculation

A

% ionization = 100/[1+10^(pKa-pH)]

44
Q

weak base % ionization calculation

A

% ionization = 100/[1+10^(pH-pKaA)]

45
Q

ANC calculation

A

WBC x [(%segs + % bands)/100]

46
Q

Fahrenheit –> Celsius

A

C x 1.8 + 32

47
Q

Celsius –> Fahrenheit

A

(F-32)/1.8

48
Q

Time to burn calculation

A

TTB (with sunscreen) = SPF x TTB (without sunscreen)

49
Q

Risk calculation

A

Number of subjects in group with an unfavorable event/total number of subjects in a group

50
Q

RR (Relative risk)

A

Risk in treatment group/risk in control group

51
Q

RRR (Relative risk reduction)

A

(% risk in control group- % risk in treatment group)/% risk in control group

52
Q

ARR (absolute risk reduction)

A

(% risk in control group) - (% risk in treatment group)

53
Q

NNT (number needed to treat) OR NNH (number needed to harm)

A

1/ARR
ARR expressed as a decimal

54
Q

OR (odds ratio)

55
Q

HR (hazard ratio)

A

Hazard rate in treatment group/hazard rate in control group

56
Q

Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio

A

(C2-C1)/(E2-E1)

57
Q

Pack-year smoking history calculation

A

Cigarette packs/day x years smoked

58
Q

Calculating Basal-Bolus requirements

A

TDD = 0.5 units/kg/day using TBW
Divide in half for basal/bolus split
Divide bolus amounts among meals

59
Q

ICR (Insulin to carb ratio) for regular insulin

A

450/TDD insulin = grams of carbohydrate covered by 1 unit of insulin

60
Q

ICR (Insulin to carb ratio) for rapid-acting insulin

A

500/TDD insulin = grams of carbohydrate covered by 1 unit of insulin

61
Q

Correction Factor for regular insulin

A

1500/TDD insulin = correction factor for 1 unit of insulin

62
Q

Correction Factor for rapid-acting insulin

A

1800/TDD insulin = correction factor for 1 unit of insulin

63
Q

Correction dose

A

(BG now - target BG)/CF = correction dose

64
Q

Friedewald equation (LDL)

A

TC - HDL - (TG/5)
*do not use if TG > 400

65
Q

Minimum weighable quantity

A

Sensitivity requirement/acceptable error weight (usually 0.05)

66
Q

BSA (Mosteller)

A

sqrt(ht(cm)xwt(kg)/3600)

67
Q

Bioavailability (F)

A

100 x AUC(extravascular)/AUC(intravenous) x dose(intravenous)/dose(extravascular)

68
Q

Volume of distribution (Vd)

A

amount of drug in the body/concentration of drug in plasma

69
Q

Clearance equation

A

F x dose/AUC
OR
ke x Vd

70
Q

Elimination rate constant (ke)

NAPLEX (81 decks)

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