Oncology

Question 1

Skin protection recommendations

Answer 1

Seek shade, especially between 10 AM and 4 PM
Wear a shirt; tightly woven fabrics are best
Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen, at least SPF 30, and reapply every 2 hours.
Wear a hat with at least a 2-3” brim.
Wear sunglasses to protect the skin around the eyes

Question 2

ABCDE - Warning Signs of Melanoma

Answer 2

Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolving

Question 3

Breast Cancer Screening Guideline for Average Risk Patients

Answer 3

Females
40-44yo = Annual mammogram is optional
45-54 = Yearly mammogram
>/=55 yo = Mammogram every 2 years or continue yearly

Question 4

Cervical Cancer Screening Guideline for Average Risk Patients

Answer 4

Females
25-65 yo = Cervical cell analysis
Pap smear every 3 years
HPV DNA test every 5 years
Pap smear + HPV DNA test every 5 years

Question 5

Colorectal Cancer Screening Guideline for Average Risk Patients

Answer 5

Males/Females >/= 45 yo
Stool-based tests:
Highly sensitive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) yearly
Highly sensitive guaiac-based fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) yearly
Multi-targeted stool DNA test (MT-sDNA) every 3 years

Visual exams of the colon and rectum:
Colonoscopy every 10 years (and as needed to confirm a positive result from any other test)
CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy) every 5 years
Flexible sigmoidoscopy (FSIG) every 5 years

Question 6

Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines for Average Risk Patients

Answer 6

Male/Female >/= 50yo
Annual low-dose CT scan of chest if both of the following criteria are met:
Has at least a 20 pack-year smoking history
Still smoking or quit smoking within the past 15 years

Question 7

Prostate Cancer Screening Guidelines for Average Risk Patients

Answer 7

Males (individualized decision for age)
If a patient chooses to be tested:
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test
+/- digital rectal exam (DRE)

Question 8

Warning Signs of Cancer (CAUTION)

Answer 8

Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in a wart or mole (ABCDE)
Nagging cough or hoarseness

Question 9

Evaluation of Cancer

Answer 9

History and physical
Complete blood count
Comprehensive metabolic panel
Biopsy: removal of a tissue sample to identify cancer cells
Imaging tests: visualizes internal body structures
Biomarker tests: detects genes, proteins, or other substances released by cancer cells
Genetic tests: identifies specific cancer genes or mutations

Question 10

Characteristics of a carcinoma

Answer 10

Forms from epithelial cells that line internal and external surfaces of the body.

Question 11

Characteristics of leukemia

Answer 11

Originates in the bone marrow and usually affects leukocytes

Question 12

Characteristics of lymphoma

Answer 12

Begins in the cells of the lymphatic system

Question 13

Characteristics of multiple myeloma

Answer 13

Arises from plasma cells of the bone marrow

Question 14

Characteristics of sarcoma

Answer 14

Develops in connective or supportive tissue (muscle, bone, cartilage)

Question 15

Mostellar Equation

Answer 15

BSA (m^2) = sqrt(Ht (cm) x Wt (kg) / 3,600)

Question 16

Calvert formula

Answer 16

Total carboplatin dose (mg) = (target AUC) x (GFR + 25)

Question 17

Alkylating agents

Answer 17

Cyclophosphamide
Busulfan
Carmustine

Question 18

Platinum-Based Compounds

Answer 18

Cisplatin
Carboplatin
Oxaliplatin

Question 19

Anthracyclines

Answer 19

Doxorubicin
Mitoxantrone