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animal tech > reptilian > Flashcards

reptilian Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 most common causes of illness in exotics

A

husbandry and nutrition

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2
Q

turtle order

A

chelonia

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3
Q

crocodile order

A

crocodylia

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4
Q

tuatara order

A

rhyncocephalia

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5
Q

snakes and lizard order

A

squamata

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6
Q

snake suborder

A

serpentes

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7
Q

lizard suborder

A

sauria

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8
Q

what are reptiles characterized by (3)

A

breathing air, laying eggs, skin covered in scales or scutes

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9
Q

cold blooded metabolism aka

A

ectothermic

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10
Q

having four limbs or being descended from four-limbed ancestors

A

tetrapods

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11
Q

what birth class do reptiles belong to

A

oviparous

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12
Q

science of dealing with reptiles

A

herpetology

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13
Q

what is the anatomy of the reptilian heart

A

three chambered; 2 atria, 2 ventricles, and 2 aortas

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14
Q

how do reptiles breath

A

using lungs

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15
Q

what is different about reptile kidneys

A

they are unable to produce liquid urine more concentrated than their body fluid

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16
Q

do reptiles have bladders

A

some do

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17
Q

do reptiles have a short or long digestive tract

A

short

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18
Q

are reptiles considered smarter or dumber than mammals and birds

A

dumberd

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19
Q

vision typically adapted to daylight conditions

A

diurnal

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20
Q

what covers the amniotic eggs of a reptile

A

leathery or calcareous shells

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21
Q

asexual reproduction

A

parthenogenesis

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22
Q

arboreal

A

tree dwellers

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23
Q

terrestrial

A

land dwellers

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24
Q

marine

A

ocean dwellers

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25
Q

what is the most primative group of living reptile

A

chelonia

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26
Q

what is a terrapin

A

a small turtle

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27
Q

what is the dorsal part of the shell and how many bones are in it

A

carapace; 50

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28
Q

what is the ventral part of the shell and how many bones are in it

A

plastron; 9

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29
Q

keratinized epithelium covering the bones of the shell (shed regularly)

A

scutes

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30
Q

T or F: a turtles shell is a living structure

A

true

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31
Q

do turtles have a diaphragm

A

no

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32
Q

how is respiration achieved in turtles

A

contracting muscle between pectoral and pelvic limbs during locomotion

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33
Q

who can exchange oxygen through skin and other mucosal surfaces

A

some aquatic and soft shelled turtles

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34
Q

what are the turtles lungs attached to

A

the carapace

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35
Q

air gathering in throat aka

A

buccal pumping

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36
Q

do turtles ave a renal portal system

A

yes

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37
Q

what do a turtles salivary glands produce

A

mucus only

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38
Q

where is the stomach located in a turtle

A

left side of ceolomic cavity

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39
Q

what does the digestive tract empty into

A

the cloaca

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40
Q

where are a turtles gonads located

A

cranial to kidneys

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41
Q

where do the urogenital ducts empty into

A

the neck of the bilobed bladder

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42
Q

what gender of turtle is the larger

A

female

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43
Q

what reptile lacks loop of henle

A

turtle

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44
Q

how does incubation determine the gender of turtle eggs

A

higher temp=females

lower temp=males

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45
Q

cell unique to reptiles, same function as heterophil but looks like a monocyte

A

azuraphil

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46
Q

what does a reptile thrombocyte look like

A

small, round, neucleated

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47
Q

what % humidity do reptiles require

A

50-70

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48
Q

aquatic turtle water temp

A

75-82

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49
Q

does a filtraion system eliminate the need for water changes

A

no

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50
Q

which turtle is mainly omnivorous

A

aquatic

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51
Q

how often should young turtles be fed

A

every day or every other day

52
Q

how often should adult turtles be fed

A

2-3 times a week

53
Q

terrestrial turtle temp

A

75-90

54
Q

what substrate should be avoided in turtles

A

ceder or pine shavings

55
Q

which turtle is mainly herbavorous

A

terrestrial

56
Q

common turtle disease caused by improper diet or UV exposure

A

metabolic bone disease

57
Q

how is MBD treated

A

diet correction

58
Q

blepharitis

A

swollen eyelids

59
Q

what can occur with oversupplementation

A

vitamin A toxicity

60
Q

what is a zoonotic bacterial infection

A

salmonellosis

61
Q

what is salmonella more common in

A

aquatic turtles

62
Q

bacterial infection of the shell involving the loss of scutes

A

wet shell rot

63
Q

fungal infection of the shell involving the loss of scutes

A

dry shell rot

64
Q

what is SCUD

A

septicemic cutaneous ulcerative disease

65
Q

how can shell cracks be fixed

A

sterile fiberglass, dental acrylic, orthopedic wiring

66
Q

what is one of the most common presentations of turtles

A

respiratory disease

67
Q

deposition of uric acid in joints

A

gout

68
Q

what do land turtles excrete

A

urea

69
Q

what do aquatic turtles excrete

A

uric acid and ammonia

70
Q

what is the most common radiography position for turtles

A

dorso ventral

71
Q

what type of drugs are preferred for turtles

A

perenteral

72
Q

is intubation on a turtle possible while it is awake

A

yes, they cant caugh

73
Q

what PPV is recommended for turtles

A

4-8 BPM

74
Q

what anticoagulant is used for reptiles

A

lithium heparin

75
Q

how is subcarapacial blood drawn

A

ventral aspect of carapace midline

76
Q

how long can snakes live

A

10-20 years

77
Q

boa and python family

A

boids

78
Q

evolutionary snakes

A

boids

79
Q

snake family that makes up 2/3 of all snakes

A

colubrids

80
Q

what birth class are snakes in

A

ovoviviparous

81
Q

innermost layer- connective tissue of snakes

A

stratum compactum

82
Q

connective tissue, blood vessels, glands, and nerve endings of snakes

A

stratum spongiosum

83
Q

what are the 2 layers of the snake dermis

A

stratum compactum and stratum spongiosum

84
Q

what are the 2 layers of the snake epidermis

A

stratum germinativum and stratum corneum

85
Q

innermost layer of snake skin that divides continuously

A

stratum germinativum

86
Q

flattened dead cells of snake

A

stratum corneum

87
Q

normal shedding that occurs throughout duration of life

A

ecdysis

88
Q

how many times does a snake shed in a year

A

6-10

89
Q

inability to shed normally and completely

A

dysecdysis

90
Q

what are the 2 halves to the lower jaw held together by

A

intramandibular hinge

91
Q

elongated and mobile bone that contributes to the ability of a snake to swallow large prey

A

quadrrate bone

92
Q

jacobson’s organ aka

A

vomeronasal sense

93
Q

what is a snakes heart position related to

A

habitat

94
Q

do snakes possess a renal protal system

A

yes

95
Q

what lung in a snake is functioning

A

right

96
Q

how is respiration achieved by a snake

A

movement of the intercostal muscles

97
Q

describe a snakes kidneys

A

bilateral, lobulated; right is cranial

98
Q

does a snake have a bladder

A

no

99
Q

what is a snakes waste

A

uric acid

100
Q

do snakes have a true uterus

A

no they have a cloaca

101
Q

how far will a probe go in a female snake

A

1-3 subcaudal scales

102
Q

how far will a probe go in a male snake

A

9-15 subcaudal scales

103
Q

what substrait do dry snakes have

A

aspen shavings

104
Q

do snakes require UV light

A

no

105
Q

hygrometer

A

humidity gauge

106
Q

how often are young snakes fed

A

2 times a week

107
Q

how often are adult snakes fed

A

every 1-2 weeks

108
Q

what temp do reptiles hibernate

A

40F

109
Q

reptile temp

A

not useful

110
Q

reptile pulse

A

40-100

111
Q

reptile respiration

A

4-30

112
Q

where are IV meds given

A

tail vein

113
Q

change color to communicate

A

chromatophores

114
Q

release of skin due to stress

A

autotomy

115
Q

lizard teeth are either

A

acrodont or pleurodont

116
Q

toes fused into claw-like foot

A

zygodactylous

117
Q

do lizards have a bladder

A

yes

118
Q

leg-less lizards

A

apodal

119
Q

basilisks

A

bipedal

120
Q

how is lizard respiration achieved

A

intercostal movement

121
Q

lizards are uricotelic aka

A

secrete uric acid

122
Q

do lizards have a renal portal system

A

yes

123
Q

reproduction without presence of a male

A

parthenogenesis

124
Q

3rd eye ontop of head

A

parietal eye

125
Q

what can a lack of vit. D3 cause

A

metabolic bone disease

126
Q

what should be used for IO placement in lizards

A

femur, tibia, or humerus

animal tech (10 decks)

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