reptilian Flashcards
what are the 2 most common causes of illness in exotics
husbandry and nutrition
turtle order
chelonia
crocodile order
crocodylia
tuatara order
rhyncocephalia
snakes and lizard order
squamata
snake suborder
serpentes
lizard suborder
sauria
what are reptiles characterized by (3)
breathing air, laying eggs, skin covered in scales or scutes
cold blooded metabolism aka
ectothermic
having four limbs or being descended from four-limbed ancestors
tetrapods
what birth class do reptiles belong to
oviparous
science of dealing with reptiles
herpetology
what is the anatomy of the reptilian heart
three chambered; 2 atria, 2 ventricles, and 2 aortas
how do reptiles breath
using lungs
what is different about reptile kidneys
they are unable to produce liquid urine more concentrated than their body fluid
do reptiles have bladders
some do
do reptiles have a short or long digestive tract
short
are reptiles considered smarter or dumber than mammals and birds
dumberd
vision typically adapted to daylight conditions
diurnal
what covers the amniotic eggs of a reptile
leathery or calcareous shells
asexual reproduction
parthenogenesis
arboreal
tree dwellers
terrestrial
land dwellers
marine
ocean dwellers
what is the most primative group of living reptile
chelonia
what is a terrapin
a small turtle
what is the dorsal part of the shell and how many bones are in it
carapace; 50
what is the ventral part of the shell and how many bones are in it
plastron; 9
keratinized epithelium covering the bones of the shell (shed regularly)
scutes
T or F: a turtles shell is a living structure
true
do turtles have a diaphragm
no
how is respiration achieved in turtles
contracting muscle between pectoral and pelvic limbs during locomotion
who can exchange oxygen through skin and other mucosal surfaces
some aquatic and soft shelled turtles
what are the turtles lungs attached to
the carapace
air gathering in throat aka
buccal pumping
do turtles ave a renal portal system
yes
what do a turtles salivary glands produce
mucus only
where is the stomach located in a turtle
left side of ceolomic cavity
what does the digestive tract empty into
the cloaca
where are a turtles gonads located
cranial to kidneys
where do the urogenital ducts empty into
the neck of the bilobed bladder
what gender of turtle is the larger
female
what reptile lacks loop of henle
turtle
how does incubation determine the gender of turtle eggs
higher temp=females
lower temp=males
cell unique to reptiles, same function as heterophil but looks like a monocyte
azuraphil
what does a reptile thrombocyte look like
small, round, neucleated
what % humidity do reptiles require
50-70
aquatic turtle water temp
75-82
does a filtraion system eliminate the need for water changes
no
which turtle is mainly omnivorous
aquatic
how often should young turtles be fed
every day or every other day
how often should adult turtles be fed
2-3 times a week
terrestrial turtle temp
75-90
what substrate should be avoided in turtles
ceder or pine shavings
which turtle is mainly herbavorous
terrestrial
common turtle disease caused by improper diet or UV exposure
metabolic bone disease
how is MBD treated
diet correction
blepharitis
swollen eyelids
what can occur with oversupplementation
vitamin A toxicity
what is a zoonotic bacterial infection
salmonellosis
what is salmonella more common in
aquatic turtles
bacterial infection of the shell involving the loss of scutes
wet shell rot
fungal infection of the shell involving the loss of scutes
dry shell rot
what is SCUD
septicemic cutaneous ulcerative disease
how can shell cracks be fixed
sterile fiberglass, dental acrylic, orthopedic wiring
what is one of the most common presentations of turtles
respiratory disease
deposition of uric acid in joints
gout
what do land turtles excrete
urea
what do aquatic turtles excrete
uric acid and ammonia
what is the most common radiography position for turtles
dorso ventral
what type of drugs are preferred for turtles
perenteral
is intubation on a turtle possible while it is awake
yes, they cant caugh
what PPV is recommended for turtles
4-8 BPM
what anticoagulant is used for reptiles
lithium heparin
how is subcarapacial blood drawn
ventral aspect of carapace midline
how long can snakes live
10-20 years
boa and python family
boids
evolutionary snakes
boids
snake family that makes up 2/3 of all snakes
colubrids
what birth class are snakes in
ovoviviparous
innermost layer- connective tissue of snakes
stratum compactum
connective tissue, blood vessels, glands, and nerve endings of snakes
stratum spongiosum
what are the 2 layers of the snake dermis
stratum compactum and stratum spongiosum
what are the 2 layers of the snake epidermis
stratum germinativum and stratum corneum
innermost layer of snake skin that divides continuously
stratum germinativum
flattened dead cells of snake
stratum corneum
normal shedding that occurs throughout duration of life
ecdysis
how many times does a snake shed in a year
6-10
inability to shed normally and completely
dysecdysis
what are the 2 halves to the lower jaw held together by
intramandibular hinge
elongated and mobile bone that contributes to the ability of a snake to swallow large prey
quadrrate bone
jacobson’s organ aka
vomeronasal sense
what is a snakes heart position related to
habitat
do snakes possess a renal protal system
yes
what lung in a snake is functioning
right
how is respiration achieved by a snake
movement of the intercostal muscles
describe a snakes kidneys
bilateral, lobulated; right is cranial
does a snake have a bladder
no
what is a snakes waste
uric acid
do snakes have a true uterus
no they have a cloaca
how far will a probe go in a female snake
1-3 subcaudal scales
how far will a probe go in a male snake
9-15 subcaudal scales
what substrait do dry snakes have
aspen shavings
do snakes require UV light
no
hygrometer
humidity gauge
how often are young snakes fed
2 times a week
how often are adult snakes fed
every 1-2 weeks
what temp do reptiles hibernate
40F
reptile temp
not useful
reptile pulse
40-100
reptile respiration
4-30
where are IV meds given
tail vein
change color to communicate
chromatophores
release of skin due to stress
autotomy
lizard teeth are either
acrodont or pleurodont
toes fused into claw-like foot
zygodactylous
do lizards have a bladder
yes
leg-less lizards
apodal
basilisks
bipedal
how is lizard respiration achieved
intercostal movement
lizards are uricotelic aka
secrete uric acid
do lizards have a renal portal system
yes
reproduction without presence of a male
parthenogenesis
3rd eye ontop of head
parietal eye
what can a lack of vit. D3 cause
metabolic bone disease
what should be used for IO placement in lizards
femur, tibia, or humerus
