animal tech 2. inj. routes Flashcards
IM
intramuscular
IV
intravenous
SQ
subcutaneous
IP
Intraperitonial
IO
Intraosseous
ID
intradermal
IA
intra articular
IC
intra cardiac
IT
intra tracheal
PO
by mouth
how are isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic fluids injected
IV
what are isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic fluids used for
dehydration
what equipment is needed for injections
needle, syringe, 70% alcohol, #40 blade
indications for SQ fluids
dehydration
contraindications for SQ injections
any 5% dextrose fluid
what size needle is preferred for SQ
18-20 gauge
SQ absorption rate
5-8 hours
indications for ID injections
allergy, local anesthetic
what should be used to Cleanse for an ID injection
water
what are the most important factors when choosing route of administration
patient health status, patient temperament
when should SQ be considered
when IV and PO are not available
what is the absorption rate for ID
slow
what angle should the needle be held for ID
10 degree
name the recommended muscles for IM
quads, lumbodorsal (expaxial), triceps, hamstrings
how do you find the epaxial
find last rib, move to spine in the umbilical area
absorption rate for IM
faster than SQ but slower than IV
max amount for IM injection
dog: 3-5 ml
cat: 2 ml
define venipuncture
placement of needle into vein
what route is preferred for emergency situations
IV
indications for IV
replace volume loss, maintain fluid balance, repair imbalances
common sites for IV
jugular, cephalic, lateral saphenous, femoral
when is lateral saphenous preferred
when aggression is observed
what is in a red top tube
no anticoagulant
what is in a marble top tube
no anticoagulant but serum separator is present
what is in a lavender tube
EDTA
what is in a blue tube
sodium citrate
what is in a green tube
heparin
absorption rate of IV
rapid
restraint technique for jugular dog
sitting, sternal, or lateral with head and neck extended
restraint technique for jugular cat
sitting, sternal, or lateral with head extended
restraint technique for cephalic
extend front leg by placing one hand behind the elbow, compressing vein with thumb
restraint technique for saphenous
lateral, extend stifle, and compress vein by grasping distal thrifty or proximal tibial segment
restraint technique for femoral
lateral, use medial uppermost hindlimb, compress vein with other hand
indications for IP
when IV and IO are not accessible
IV complications
hematoma formation (bruise), laceration of vessel (blowing the vein), stress, collapsed vein
absorption rate for IP
slow
complications of IP
other organs nearby
indications for IO
when IV is non-accessible
contraindications of IO
sepsis or fractured bones
bones used for IO
femur, humerus
indications for IT
emergency only
IT contraindications
none
