birds Flashcards
What 2 orders are commonly kept as
Pets
Psittaciformes, passeriformes
Psittaciforms
Parrots
Passeriformes
Canaries and finches
What is the only generic bird
There is none
Anseriformes
Waterfowl
Ciconiformes
Water bird (long pointy beak)
Falconiformes
Raptors
Galliformes
Fowl
How many orders are there
27
What order makes up 60% of all birds
Passerines
How many air sacs do passerines have
7
How many air sacs do most birds have
9
Where are psittacines primarily found
Tropical regions
Lorliidae
Lories and lorikeets
Cacatuidae
Cockatoos
Psittacidae
Parakeets and parrots
define anisodactyl
3 toes forward and 1 back
what order is anisodactyl
passerines
what is behavior influenced by
species, individual bird, and environment
what is the difference between lories and lorikeets
lories have a short tail and lorikeets have a long tail
what bird has a brush-tipped tongue to eat nectar
lories and lorikeets
what bird can sleep on its back
rainbow lories
what bird is prone to PBFD (beak and feather disease
cockatoos
when do cockatoos display their crest
when happy, mating, or nervous
what are budgerigar aka
budgies and parakeets
what color cere does a male budgerigar have
blue/purple
name a sexually dimorphic bird
eclectus
what is the 2nd most popular bird
cockatiel
what bird is predisposed to diseases like feather plucking
African grey
what bird does manogomus pairing
lovebirds
what bird is prone to destructive behavior
macaw
who are “the clowns of the bird world”
conure
what bird has a common hormonal aggression phase from 5-12 years
amazon
define oviparous
egg layers
what are feathers made of
keratin
what are contour feathers
cover the body and include flight feathers of wings and tail
what are remiges
flight feathers of the wing
what are retrices
feathers of the tail
what are auriculars
cover the ears (protect and amplify sound)
what are semiplume feathers
under contour; insulation, flexability, boyancy
what are down feathers
next to skin; warmth and insulation
what are filoplume feathers
nape and upper back; contain nerve ending in follicle
what are bristle feathers
around eyes, nostrils, mouth, and toes in some birds
what are powder down feathers
breast, belly, and back; grow continuously
where do the primaires originate from
carpus and metacarpus
where do the secondaries originate from
radius and ulna
where do the tail retrices originate from
pygostyle
what are pterylae
feathered tracts
what are apterylae
featherless tracts
what are coverts
smaller contour feathers at the bases of flight feathers
what are rachis
main shaft of feather
what are barbs
attached to rachis
what are barbules
attached to barbs
what are patagium
wing web
what are hooklets
attached to barbules
what is the uropygial gland
preen/oil gland at base of tail
what bird is the uropygial gland more prominent in
waterfowl
what is the keel
along the sternum, provides attachment of the pectoral muscles
what is notarium
fusion of the first thoracic vertebrae
what is synsacrum
fusion of the caudal thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae
what is pygostyle
distal fusion of caudal vertebrae
what are pneumatic bones
proximal bones that are air-filled which connect to the respiratory tract
where should an IO catheter be used
in the ulna or proximal tibia
what bone has a larger diameter: radius or ulna
ulna
what assists with flexibility and aerodynamics of flight
patagium
what type of bird has a shorter humorus
flapping birds
do birds have a diaphragm
no
what surrounds the apex
the liver
how large is a birds heart
1.5-2 times larger than mammals
where should IM injections be given
pectorals
where do a birds ureters empty into
cloaca
are creatinine and BUN useful in renal function tests for birds
no
what is tested for renal function in birds and why
uric acid; increases in the blood with renal failure
what makes up 15% of a birds weight
eyes
what is a voluntary strated muscle in birds
iris
pigmented structure that provides nutrients to the vitreous
pectena
what are the bones that support the eye
sclerotic ring
what is a syrinx
sound producing structure cranial to bifurcation of trachea
when does oxygen exchange happen in birds
both inhale and exhale
do birds have an abdomen
no; coelomic cavity
what is a true gladular stomach in birds
proventriculus
what is a gizzard
ventriculus
what do the feces of parrots contain
gram + organisms
what receives birds feces
copradeum
what receives urine and urates from the ureters
urodeum
what is the area just before a birds vent
proctodeum
how many functional ovaries do female birds have
one; left
how long does it take to “lay” the shell
20 hours
what temp should bird eggs be incubated
95C 35C
what is a normal blood glucose for birds
twice that of mammals
what is the anticoagulent of choice for birds
lithium heparin
what do seed based diets provide
low vitamins, calcium, and protein; high fat
what should birds not be fed
peanuts, avocados, and chocolate
what can some aviary birds be prone to
iron storage disease
what is hemochromatosis
excessive iron in the diet
what is a “tail bob” indicative of
dyspnea
what should not be restricted during restraint
sternum movement
what indicates body condition
pectoral muscles
what vein should be used to assess hydration
basilic
basilic vein aka
cutanious ulnar vein
what air sac should be used for intubation
caudal thoracic
what type of anesthesia machine should be used on birds
non-rebreathers
what should be used for preparation of skin
chlorhexidine
what are fluids administered at
7.5 ml/kg/hr
what feathers are clipped in large birds
only primaries
what jugular vein is larger
right
how much blood can be taken from a bird
1% of body weight
what is the best type of medication for clients
liquid oral
what is metals are toxic to birds
zinc and lead
what does CTT mean
comfy t-shirt temp (70F)
how much of the liver is damaged before CS are seen
80%
what does flu-like symptoms and lime green feces indicate
chlamydiosis
what is the treatment of chlamydiosis
tetracycline for 45 days
what disease is most pathogenic
avian influenza
what is the most commonly seen pox
canary
what has a vaccine
canary pox; every 6 months, and budgie fledgling disease
what is pacheco’s disease
herpes virus
what is budgie fledgling disease aka
french molt
what is considered to be fatal once CS develope
psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD)
what is a fatal disease found in poultry most often
exotic new castle disease
what does gray/white lesions in the oral cavity indicate
candidiasis
what causes pitting and scaling of beak and skin in birds
knemidokoptes pilae
what vaccine is USDA registered
plyoma virus
