Reptiles/Amphibians

Question 1

What does it mean that reptiles have a poikilothermic metabolism?

Answer 1

(They cannot regulate their temperature so they rely on their environment for maintaining body temperature)

Question 2

Differentiate oviparous and ovoviviparous.

Answer 2

(Oviparous → lay eggs; ovoviviparous → create an egg that then hatches internally so they appear viviparous but are not truly)

Question 3

Why can reptiles lay their eggs on land as opposed to amphibians needing to lay their eggs in water or a moist environment?

Answer 3

(Reptile eggs have an amnion and shell so the eggs are not prone to dessication like amphibian eggs)

Question 4

(T/F) Reptiles are capable of growing throughout their entire life but typically grow most rapidly during their middle ages.

Answer 4

(F, grow most rapidly at a young age)

Question 5

What is the term for the plates of bone located in the dermis below the scales of the order Crocodilia?

Answer 5

(Osteoderms or osteoscutes)

Question 6

What type of diet is appropriate for animals in order Crocodilia?

Answer 6

(They are carnivores exclusively so meat)

Question 7

What is ecdysis?

Answer 7

(Periodic renewal of skin by shedding)

Question 8

Are animals of the order Testudine ovoviviparous, viviparous, or oviparous? (

Answer 8

Oviparous)

Question 9

(T/F) Animals of the order Testudine exclusively lay their eggs on land.

Answer 9

(T)

Question 10

Where in the world will you find animals of the order Sphenodontia aka tuataras?

Answer 10

(New Zealand)

Question 11

(T/F) Tuataras prefer the highest temperatures of all the reptiles.

Answer 11

(F, prefer low environmental temperatures of 55-70 F)

Question 12

(T/F) Reptiles typically do better when housed singly.

Answer 12

(T, reduces territorial aggression)

Question 13

Reptiles require full spectrum ultraviolet light for what purpose?

Answer 13

(Proper vitamin D synthesis and calcium metabolism)

Question 14

What is the typical complication associated with viral paramyxovirus in snakes?

Answer 14

(Secondary bacterial pneumonia)

Question 15

How long should new snakes be quarantined to prevent the spread of viral paramyxovirus?

Answer 15

(At least 90 days)

Question 16

What type of inclusions are seen on histopath of the kidney, pancreas, liver, brain, and/or other organs when a snake has inclusion body disease?

Answer 16

(Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions)

Question 17

What are the two sequelae of inclusion body disease?

Answer 17

(Encephalitis and flaccid paralysis)

Question 18

What are the two usual causative agents of mouth rot aka infectious stomatitis aka bacterial ulcerative stomatitis?

Answer 18

(Aeromonas or Pseudomonas spp.)

Question 19

What is the most important treatment for mouth rot?

Answer 19

(Correct underlying husbandry problems)

Question 20

Are gram negative or gram positive organisms more likely implicated in bacterial pneumonia of reptiles?

Answer 20

(Gram negative → Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus)

Question 21

Why are pet baby turtles that are less than 4 inches in size banned by the FDA?

Answer 21

(Bc that’s the perfect size for gross ass kids to put one in their mouth and get salmonella)

Question 22

Where are the nodular granulomas associated with mycobacteriosis found on/in the body of reptiles?

Answer 22

(The extremities, sometimes internal organs)

Question 23

What is the most common cause of metabolic bone disease?

Answer 23

(Improper diet → you get secondary hyperparathyroidism and nutritional osteodystrophy aka rickets if the calcium:phosphorus is off)

Question 24

You are presented with a box turtle with swelling of both the tympanic membranes so you debride and sample the crude, it comes back as positive for gram negative bacteria. What is the likely underlying cause for this otitis media?

Answer 24

(Hypovitaminosis A)

Question 25

Dysecdysis is primarily associated with what issue?

Answer 25

(Improper husbandry specifically not enough humidity)

Question 26

What are the two forms of gout?

Answer 26

(Visceral → tubular damage to the kidneys; articular → swollen joints, slow movements, painful)

Question 27

For a majority of animals of the order Anura fertilization is external or internal?

Answer 27

(External)

Question 28

For a majority of animals of the order Caudata fertilization is external or internal?

Answer 28

(Internal)

Question 29

What is the most commonly found causative agent of bacterial dermatosepticemia aka Red Leg Syndrome?

Answer 29

(Aeromonas hydrophilia → but the signs associated with red leg syndrome are typical of a number of bacterial septicemias)

Question 30

Why is treatment of amphibian mycobacteriosis not recommended?

Answer 30

(Bc mycobacteriosis is zoonotic)

Question 31

What is the water mold disease that results in white, cottony growths on the skin of amphibians that is an opportunistic pathogen secondary to stress, trauma, or poor water quality?

Answer 31

(Saprolegniasis)

Question 32

Is chromomycosis, a disease caused by pigmented fungi that result in disseminated, pigmented granulomas throughout the skin and internal organs of affected amphibians, zoonotic?

Answer 32

(Yes)

Question 33

What disease is characterized by causing epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, and dermatitis of anurans and is implicated as a major factor in worldwide amphibian declines?

Answer 33

(Chytridiomycosis)

Question 34

What is the treatment for chytridiomycosis?

Answer 34

(Itraconazole baths but it is recommended for valuable specimens only)

Question 35

What is usually the cause of death associated with capillariasis in anurans?

Answer 35

(The secondary bacterial infections they are predisposed to by migration of the nematodes)

Question 36

What neoplasia results from infection of an amphibian with ranid herpesvirus 1?

Answer 36

(Renal adenocarcinoma)