Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AHW - exotics > reptiles > Flashcards

reptiles Flashcards

1.5.2.10 (7/5)

1
Q

No LO about critical values in reptiles (HR, RR, body temp. etc)

Why not? (incl key term)

A

their metabolic rate depends on env temp

their body temp depends on env temp
(ectothermic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

name the 3 reptile orders (put in italics when you look through)

A

1) squamata

2) chelonia

3) crocodilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

reptile orders: give 2 animals from the squamata order

A

lizards
snakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

reptile orders: give 3 animals from the chelonia order

hint: all T’s

A

tortoises
turtles
terrapins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

reptile orders: give an animal from the crocodilia order

A

alligators *dangerous animal license req

(crocodiles???)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

reptiles - legalities

need to go over **

A
  • CITES lists species that cannot be taken from wild
  • require permits for import and sale (can only be if captive bred?????????)
  • imports: up to 5 can enter with owner without vet check?? but cannot import hatchlings without license???
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define ‘captive bred’

A

parents bred in captivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

reptiles - legalities

license required for…
under the act…

A
  • venomous snake AND lizard species
  • crocodilia
  • Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the aims when keeping reptiles in captivity: 3

A
  • allows maintenance of good health
  • promotes natural behaviours
  • minimises negative impacts of captivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cornsnakes in wild - natural behaviours

A
  • carnivores - whole prey (constrictors), every few days
  • forests/fields/wetlands
  • diurnal (active in day)
  • solitary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

enclosure - size and shape

general point to note + 3 areas

A

dep on species, no of indiv., behaviour

  • large enough for temp gradient
  • 30-40% floor space for normal activity
  • size based on body length
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

enclosure - materials (6)

A
  • non-toxic
  • non-porous
  • easy to clean
  • easy to obtain and maintain
  • durable
  • not likely cause injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

temperature -

A

ectothermic (body temp dep on env temp)

req range of temps to thermoregulate

= POTZ (preferred optimum temp zone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

POTZ

what does it stand for?

what is it?

A

preferred optimum temp zone

optimum temp for normal healthy function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

4 bodily functions that the POTZ is needed for:

A
  • feeding
  • digestion
  • reproduction
  • immunocompetence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

POTZ varies by…(4)

A
  • species
  • time of day/year
  • physiological state
  • health status
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

“behavioural fever” (check properly)

A

reptile will seek out heat/raise own body temp above normal range

as a means of killing pathogens/fighting viruses that may cause clinical illness

process used in place of animal getting fever itself (e.g. from pathogen)?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

heat - temperature gradient

A
  • hot and cold area:
    hot = at or above POTZ, cold = at or below POTZ
  • IN BOTH PLANES: left to right AND up and down
  • thermometers at height animal most likely to be at e.g. basking spot
  • cooler at night
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 examples of heat sources:

A

1) ceramic/incandescent bulb
2) heat pad/mat
3) hot rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

heat sources - ceramic/incandescent bulb

points to note

A
  • basking species e.g. beardies
  • protective guard to prevent burns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

heat sources - heat mats

points to note

A
  • nocturnal/crepuscular species
    e.g. leopard gecko
  • outside viv?
  • can provide heat at night
  • not covering more than 1/3 to 1/2 floor area (??)
22
Q

heat sources - hot rocks

points to note

A

too hot

uncontrollable/unpredictable

not recommended

23
Q

lighting - types of light needed

A
  • lizards and chelonians = full spectrum (UVA, UVB, visible light)
  • infrared = heat
  • visible light = reproductive behaviour
24
Q

lighting - points to note (not to do with types of lighting)

A
  • bulbs changed regularly per manufacturer guidance (usually 6 months)
  • correct distance from reptile (UV damage/skin tumours)
  • light must be inside viv - UV doesn’t travel through glass
  • daylight vs nighttime setting required (??)
  • NOT hot spot (??)
25
Q

substrate - properties

A
  • non-irritant
  • non-toxic
  • easy to clean/obtain/replace

species dependant - messy eaters = food on floor, if floor sand = eating sand = impactions

26
Q

pros and cons of substrates - apparently Table 3.7 pp. 40, BSAVA reptiles​?? do this

A
27
Q

humidity:

1) associated with?
2) measured using?
3) done/maintained using?

A

1) temp - hotter = harder to keep humid

2) hygrometer

3) spraying/misting/drip systems/humidifiers/moss and peat

28
Q

humidity - consequences when too high

A

[varies by species - natural hab e.g. desert vs rainforest]

  • dyseccdysis (abnormal shedding-snakes)
  • renal failure (due to chronically dehyd.) - green iguanas
29
Q

humidity - consequences when too low

A

[varies by species - natural hab e.g. desert vs rainforest]

  • fungal and bacterial dermatitis
30
Q

ventilation

A

air changes (not just movement - fresh air) = red. odours and prev. pathogen build up

careful balance with temp and humidity

passive e.g. ventilation holes
active e.g. fans

31
Q

diet - carnivorous species

A

whole prey items (not just meat chunks)

32
Q

diet - herbivorous species

A
  • leafy weeds and veg (not fruit) based diets
  • finely chopped = red. selective feeding
33
Q

diet - omnivorous species

A

[same as carnivore and herbivore, PLUS:]

insect based diet (mealworms, crickets etc.)

34
Q

diet - herbivores

AVOID… (research why)

A

High oxalates foods (reduce Ca availability) e.g. parsley, spinach, romaine lettuce, spring greens​

Brassicas e.g. cabbage, kale, broccoli (goitrogenic)​

High phytate containing foods e.g. cereals and legumes (reduce P, Ca and Fe uptake)​

Pellets (too high in energy and protein)

35
Q

snake diets - note…

A
  • do not handle within 24-48hrs
  • amount and freq = dep on species and age
  • regular weighing and BCS to get amount and freq right
  • can alter feeding to manage behaviour
    e.g. over active snake = feed MORE FREQ to calm down
36
Q

diet - supplementation (2types)

A

Ca

Multivitamins incl VitD

37
Q

diet - supplementation

2 ways in which Ca supplements are given

A

1) dusting - food coated in supplement

2) gut loading - the insects (that will be fed to reptile) are themselves fed a ‘meal’ on the supplement/nutritious ‘meal’

38
Q

COMMON BEHAVIOURS

A
  • CLIMBING/HIDING/BATHING
  • THERMOREGULATION
  • BRUMATION
  • AGGRESSION
39
Q

what is brumation?

A

reptile hibernation

40
Q

common behaviour - brumation

A
  • not all species
  • trigger = dropping env temp
  • red. in metabolic rate and oxygen demand
  • uses fat reserves (if brumate with poor BCS = often don’t survive)
41
Q

common behaviours - aggression

A
  • head bopping/tail whipping/hissing/rearing up
  • territorial displays - part of normal behaviour repatoire in some species
  • important to keep in socially appt situations (some are solitary - keep out of contact with other snakes)
  • tongue flick = NOT SIGN OF AGGRESSION
42
Q

SEX DETERMINATION - bearded dragons

A

femoral pores = more prominent in males

hemipene bulges = 2 in males, none in females

43
Q

SEX DETERMINATION - snakes

A

hemipene probing

44
Q

SEX DETERMINATION - chelonians

A

TAIL - male longer e.g. Hermann

PLASTRON - males concave (but can be unreliable)

CARAPACE - male margin tucked, flared female

45
Q

the main cause of health and welfare problems in reptiles:

A

INADEQUATE HUSBANDRY

46
Q

NAME 4 REPTILE HEALTH PROBLEMS

A
  • musculoskeletal issues
  • GI issues
  • skin/shell issues
  • respiratory disease
47
Q

musculoskeletal issues
(name 3 and OUTLINE)

A

metabolic bone disease (fractures/bone deformities)

gout (uric acid crystals form in joints (e.g. if diet too high in protein))

Overgrown nails and beak

48
Q

GI issues (bresk down more - basially copy pasted)

A

Gut impaction (sand +/- wood chip substrate)
Endoparasites (worms)
Regurgitation
Endoparasites
Handling too
Anorexia (lots of causes including stress, inadequate set up, systemic illness, dehydration)

49
Q

skin and shell issues

A

Burns and scalds (cover bulbs)
Ectoparasites e.g. snake mites
Tumours (UV damage)
Dyseccdysis including retained spectacles
Trauma (e.g. fighting, enclosure design, “pushing”)
Shell pyramiding
Soft shell (metabolic bone disease)
Stomatitis (mouth inflammation)

50
Q

respiratory disease:

A

Inadequate ventilation

High temperatures/low humidity – drying of mucous membranes

Low temperatures – reduced immunity

Poor hygiene

Small vivarium (snakes) – not able to clear discharges

Nutritional deficiencies

51
Q

define carapace

A

upper shell

52
Q

define plastron

A

lower shell

AHW - exotics (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions