aquatics/seafood species (SDL)

Question 1

classification (first 2 categories)

Answer 1

FINFISH (vertebrae, fins = locomotion, gills = resp)

SHELLFISH

Question 2

classification:
finfish consist of…3

Answer 2

salmonids
freshwater species
saltwater species

Question 2

classification:
SHELLFISH consist of…3

Answer 2

crustaceans
molluscs
echinoderms

Question 2

examples of crustaceans

Answer 2

lobster
crab
shrimp
BARNACLES
shrimp

Question 2

crustaceans: anatomy

Answer 2

• branchial respiration (chamber?)
• some have shell/exoskeleton (protein, chitin)

Question 3

2 examples of molluscs

Answer 3

clams
oysters

Question 3

molluscs: body structure

Answer 3

coleomic animals (often red to cavity that only surrounds heart)

foot (muscle w various functions = locomotion, anchoring, predation)

radula (toothy tongue)

mantle (produces shell)

shell (CaCO3, chitin)

visceral mass (internal organs)

Question 3

cephalopods - what are they?

Answer 3

molluscan species

• far more advanced than other molluscan species
• e.g. octopus/cuttlefish/squid

Question 4

AQUACULTURE:
what is it?
name the 2 types of systems

Answer 4

growth and repro of aquatic organisms in controlled/semi controlled env

• freshwater production
• saltwater production

Question 5

aquaculture systems: 4

Answer 5

ponds
raceways
cages
recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)

Question 6

3 types of water management:

Answer 6

flow through

recirculation

batch culture

Question 7

aquaculture systems: PONDS

Answer 7

most common
enclosed water areas
least intense - dep on natural processes

(salmonids)

Question 8

aquaculture systems: RACEWAYS

Answer 8

• single pass structure
• above or below ground
• large vols water
• gravity floe
• cement/fobreglass/wood

Question 9

aquaculture systems: cages

types

Answer 9

• Circular or squared
• Variable sizes
• Soft or hard materials
• Can be marine or freshwater

(salmonids)

Question 10

legislation
Animal Welfare Act 2006

Answer 10

incl “vertebrate other than man” = fish come under welfare guidelines

Question 10

aquaculture systems: cages

advantages

Answer 10

easy…
- stocking
- feeding
- harvest

Question 10

aquaculture systems: cages

disadvantages

Answer 10

little env control (weather conditions, water borne irritants, predators)

shared water body = quicker disease spread

limited water quality control

Question 11

pain in fish

Answer 11

Nociception
Conscious recognition (unclear)
Brain anatomy

Question 11

RAS -

Answer 11

recirculating aquaculture systems

Most intensive systems
Can be located almost anywhere
Less water requirement
Significant energy input
Required expertise
Expensive
Commonly used in juvenile stages

Question 11

salmon: variations based on life stage

physiological changes

Answer 11

altered body shape
altered behaviour
increased skin reflectance - silver
change in blood chlorides
change in gill ATPase levels

Question 12

assessing welfare in fish farms:
group based

Answer 12

Stocking densities
Feeding rates
Behaviour
Growth rates
Health status
Survival rates
Surface activity
water quality ???

Question 12

salmon: variations based on life stage

name the process, and define the process

Answer 12

‘smoltification’
transition from young par to smolts - prepare to move from freshwater to sea

Question 12

assessing welfare in fish farms:
individual based

Answer 12

‘operational welfare indicators’

Question 13

define welfare

Answer 13

requires:

• animals normal biological functioning
• emotional state
• ability to express certain normal behaviours

Question 14

legislation
Vet. Surgeons Act 1966

Answer 14

Fails to include fish or invertebrates (nut incl reptiles)
so
operating on fish not considered act of vet surgery
(legally = someone without an MRCVS can technically perform surgery on a fish)

Question 15

legislation
Animal Welfare (Sentience) Act 2022

Answer 15

includes cephalopods/molluscs/crustaceans
does not cover their welfare - recognises as sentient beings = part of aim to influence further welfare acts