aquatics/seafood species (SDL) Flashcards
8/5
classification (first 2 categories)
FINFISH (vertebrae, fins = locomotion, gills = resp)
SHELLFISH
classification:
finfish consist of…3
salmonids
freshwater species
saltwater species
classification:
SHELLFISH consist of…3
crustaceans
molluscs
echinoderms
examples of crustaceans
lobster
crab
shrimp
BARNACLES
shrimp
crustaceans: anatomy
- branchial respiration (chamber?)
- some have shell/exoskeleton (protein, chitin)
2 examples of molluscs
clams
oysters
molluscs: body structure
coleomic animals (often red to cavity that only surrounds heart)
foot (muscle w various functions = locomotion, anchoring, predation)
radula (toothy tongue)
mantle (produces shell)
shell (CaCO3, chitin)
visceral mass (internal organs)
cephalopods - what are they?
molluscan species
- far more advanced than other molluscan species
- e.g. octopus/cuttlefish/squid
AQUACULTURE:
what is it?
name the 2 types of systems
growth and repro of aquatic organisms in controlled/semi controlled env
- freshwater production
- saltwater production
aquaculture systems: 4
ponds
raceways
cages
recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)
3 types of water management:
flow through
recirculation
batch culture
aquaculture systems: PONDS
most common
enclosed water areas
least intense - dep on natural processes
(salmonids)
aquaculture systems: RACEWAYS
- single pass structure
- above or below ground
- large vols water
- gravity floe
- cement/fobreglass/wood
aquaculture systems: cages
types
- Circular or squared
- Variable sizes
- Soft or hard materials
- Can be marine or freshwater
(salmonids)
legislation
Animal Welfare Act 2006
incl “vertebrate other than man” = fish come under welfare guidelines
aquaculture systems: cages
advantages
easy…
- stocking
- feeding
- harvest
aquaculture systems: cages
disadvantages
little env control (weather conditions, water borne irritants, predators)
shared water body = quicker disease spread
limited water quality control
pain in fish
Nociception
Conscious recognition (unclear)
Brain anatomy
RAS -
recirculating aquaculture systems
Most intensive systems
Can be located almost anywhere
Less water requirement
Significant energy input
Required expertise
Expensive
Commonly used in juvenile stages
salmon: variations based on life stage
physiological changes
altered body shape
altered behaviour
increased skin reflectance - silver
change in blood chlorides
change in gill ATPase levels
assessing welfare in fish farms:
group based
Stocking densities
Feeding rates
Behaviour
Growth rates
Health status
Survival rates
Surface activity
water quality ???
salmon: variations based on life stage
name the process, and define the process
‘smoltification’
transition from young par to smolts - prepare to move from freshwater to sea
assessing welfare in fish farms:
individual based
‘operational welfare indicators’
define welfare
requires:
- animals normal biological functioning
- emotional state
- ability to express certain normal behaviours
legislation
Vet. Surgeons Act 1966
Fails to include fish or invertebrates (nut incl reptiles)
so
operating on fish not considered act of vet surgery
(legally = someone without an MRCVS can technically perform surgery on a fish)
legislation
Animal Welfare (Sentience) Act 2022
includes cephalopods/molluscs/crustaceans
does not cover their welfare - recognises as sentient beings = part of aim to influence further welfare acts
