Reproooo Flashcards
What anchors the penis to the ischial arch?
Root of the penis
What is covered by the ischiocavernosus m?
corpus cavernosum , Root of the penis
Which species has a urethral sinus? And what is the clinical relevance?
Stallion
Accumulates smegma “bean”
In what species does the artery of the penis give off 3 branches: The artery of the bulb, Deep artery of the penis, and the Dorsal artery of the penis?
Dog, boar, bull, ram
How do you get to the cranial artery of the penis in a stallion?
Aorta ⇒ External Iliac ⇒ Pudendoepigastric trunk ⇒ External pudendal ⇒ cranial artery of penis
How do you get to the middle artery of the penis in a stallion?
Aorta ⇒ Internal Iliac ⇒ Caudal gluteal ⇒ Cranial gluteal ⇒ Obturator a. ⇒ middle artery of penis
What can be found in between the internal and external preputial folds in a stallion?
Preputial ring
What structure can be found in the BOAR and is responsible for pheromones?
Preputial diverticulum
Which species have all 4 accessory sex glands?
Stallion
Bull
Ram
Buck
What accessory sex glands can be seen in a tom cat?
Prostate and bulbourethral gland
What accessory sex glands can be seen in a dog?
Prostate only!!
What accessory sex glands can be found in a boar?
Vesicular, Prostate, and Bulbourethral
No Ampulla!!!
Which species has no ampulla?
Boar, Dog, Cat
Which species have a musculocavernous penis?
Stallion, dog, cat
Which species have a fibroelastic penis?
Bull, boar, ram
What is continuous with the tail of the epididymus?
Ductus deferens
What connects the testes to the tail of the epididymus?
Proper ligament of the testes
What connects the tail of the epididymus to the layers of the vaginal tunic?
Ligament of the epididymus
What connects the tail of the epididymus to the tunica dartos muscle?
Scrotal ligament
What does a closed castration mean?
When the vaginal cavity is left intact and is NOT exposed
What does an open castration mean?
When the parietal vaginal tunic is cut open to expose the vaginal cavity, which is continuous with the peritoneal cavity
What is found within the spermatic cord?
Ductus deferens, testicular VAN’s and serous membranes
What are the scrotal layers from superficial to deep?
Scrotum
Tunica dartos m.
Spermatic fascia
Parietal vaginal tunic
Vaginal cavity
Visceral vaginal tunic
Tunica albuginea
What supplies blood to the scrotum?
External pudendal artery
Which species have a diffuse placenta?
Mare and sow
Which species have a zonary placenta?
Dog and cat (Bitch and Queen)
Which species has a convex uterus? Concave?
Convex - Cows
Concave - Ewes
Which species has a cotledonary placenta?
Cow, Sheep, Goats
What forms the placentome in cows, sheep, and goats?
Maternal caruncles and fetal cotyledons
The mare has ______ teats and _____ glands in each teat
2 teats - each teat has 2 glands that do NOT communicate
What gives blood supply to the the mammary glands in horses and cows?
Cranial and Caudal mammary a. off external pudendal a.
The cow has _____ teats and _____ glands in each teat
4 teats, each with 1 gland
What is the anatomical name for the milk vein? Which species it found in?
Subcutaneous Abdominal vein in COWS
The milk vein, cranial to the milk well, becomes the __________ vein
Internal thoracic v.
The subcutanous abdominal vein will perforate the abdominal wall near the ____________
xiphoid cartilage
The lateral laminae in the cow is __________
Fibrous
The medial laminae in the cow is __________
Elastic
What forms the ovarian bursa?
The mesosalpinx and mesovarium
At what area do mares ovulate?
Ovulation fossa
What makes up the uterine tube?
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Which species have a suburethral diverticulum?
Cow and Sow
What is the area between the vagina and vulva called?
Vestibule
Which species have a rounded ventral commissure?
Mare only!
all other species have a pointed ventral commissure
What is the area between the tail and the scrotum/mammary glands called?
Perineal region
What is torn during parturition?
Perineal body - between the anus and dorsal commissure of the vulva
What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?
Coccygeus and Levator ani m.
What is the innervation to the external anal sphincter?
Caudal rectal n off of pudendal n.
The paranal sinuses are found between what muscles?
External and internal anal sphincter m.
What muscle helps stabilize the anal canal during defecation?
Rectococcygeus m.
Where do the ducts that secrete the anal glands open into?
The cutaneous zone of the anal canal
What structures travel through the inguinal canal?
External pudendal a.
External pudendal v.
Genitofemoral n.
In male: Spermatic cord also passes through inguinal canal
What lymphnode can be found along the dorsolateral border of the penis?
Superficial inguinal LN
What spinal nerves do the Genitofemoral n. arise from?
L3-L4
The cremaster muscle is innervated by __________
Genitofemoral n.
What lies between the urinary bladder and pubis?
Pubovesical piuch
What lies between the bladder and uterus/prostate?
Vesicogenital pouch
What lies between the rectum and uterus/prostate?
Rectogenital pouch
In the fetus, the median ligament of the bladder contains __________
Urachus and umbilical arteries
What do the lateral ligaments of the bladder contain in an adult?
Ureters, Round ligament of bladder (remnant of umbilical a)
Where does the female urethra open?
On the floor of the vestibule, at the vestibulovaginal junction
The urethralis m is innervated by ________
Pudendal n.
The prostate gets blood supply from
The prostatic a.
off of internal pudendal a. off Internal Iliac a. off Aorta
The medial iliac LN can be found between what 2 arteries?
Deep circumflex iliac a. and External Iliac a.
Where does lymph from the abdominal and inguinal mammary glands drain into?
Superficial inguinal LN
What artery is unpaired and comes off of the Aorta?
median sacral a.
The umbilical a. is the only branch off of the Internal Iliac a. EXCEPT in the _________
Female Cow.
Internal Iliac gives off Umbilical a. and then gives off Vaginal a.
The pelvic n travels next to the _________ artery
Prostatic/Vaginal
What are the terminating branches of the Internal Pudendal a. ?
Ventral perineal a.
Urethral a.
Artery of penis/ Clitoris
What are the terminal branches of the artery of the penis in MALE DOGS and BULL (MALE COW) ?
Dorsal a. of penis
Deep a. of penis
Artery of bulb
** theses branches are ONLY in dog and Bull
What structure in the cat is testosterone dependent?
Cornified spines on penis
In the dog, what is the expansion of the corpus spongiosum and contributes to the “tie” during copulation?
Bulbus glandis
In the dog, what structure deforms during intromission and allows the urethral opening to shift dorsally?
Pars longa glandis
The bulb of the penis is externally covered by ___________
Bulbospongiosus m.
The os penis is found in what species?
Dog and cat
The urethral groove is found in what species?
Dog only!
Located on the ventral aspect of the os penis bone, surrounds the urethra
The cremaster m. is an extension of the ______ muscle
Internal abdominal oblique m. (IAO)
What gives blood supply to the scrotum?
External pudendal a.
What can be found directly underneath (deep) to the visceral vaginal tunic?
Tunica albuginea
Which species have testes located subanal?
Boar and cat
Which species have testes within the inguinal region?
Dog and stallion
Which species do the testes hang low?
Bull and ram
How do the testes descend?
Via the gubernaculum!
Increases in length, dilates inguinal canal allowing testes to pass through, then regresses into small fibrous structure
What is the genital fold?
Peritoneal fold between each ductus deferens
What transports the sperm from the tail of the Epididymus to the urethra?
Ductus deferens
What needs to relax for boars, bulls, and rams to get an erection?
Retractor penis m. - extends sigmoid flexure
