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GA 2 > Neurooo > Flashcards

Neurooo Flashcards

1
Q

What connects the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A

Corpus callosum

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2
Q

What sense skips the internal capsule?

A

Smell / olfaction

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3
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

White matter that connects cortex to brainstem

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4
Q

Lesions of this lobe causes reduced sense of olfaction

A

Piriform lobe

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5
Q

What sensation does not relay through the thalamus?

A

Olfaction / smell

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6
Q

_______ lobe is where pain and touch are perceived

A

Parietal lobe

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7
Q

Damage of the occipital lobe would result in ___________ although _________ can still be intact and normal

A

Cortical blindness + absent menace response

*** PLR can still be normal because its a reflex to the brainstem not occipital lobe

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8
Q

What are the 5 cortical lobes?

A
  1. Occipital
  2. Parietal
  3. Frontal
  4. Temporal
  5. Piriform
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9
Q

Which lobe contains the somatosensory cortex?

A

Parietal lobe

** detects body’s location in space - proprioception

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10
Q

A lesion in the parietal lobe would result in ____________

A

Loss of proprioception

*** Knucking test! Cant correct foot

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11
Q

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

Initiating voluntary motor functions

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12
Q

Damage in the right side of the _____ lobe would result in inability to initiate movement of the right side of the body due to contralateral relay

A

Frontal lobe

R side damage = left side of body not working

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13
Q

Why is total deafness uncommon?

A

Because the cochlea projects sensory stimuli to both hemispheres

If unilateral damage of temporal lobe - reduced perception of sound but not total deafness

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14
Q

Which lobe houses the auditory cortex?

A

Temporal lobe

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15
Q

Which lobe has strong connections with the limbic system?

A

Piriform lobe

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16
Q

What makes up the corpora quadrigemina?

A
  1. Paired rostral colliculus ( visual reflexes)
  2. Paired Caudal colliculus (auditory reflexes)
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17
Q

The cerebellum connects to other parts of the CNS via nerve tracts called __________

A

cerebellar peduncles

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18
Q

What connects right and left hemispheres of the cerebellum?

A

Vermis

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19
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Coordinates and fine tunes movements

Controls RATE, RANGE, FORCE of movement

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20
Q

What is the function of the pineal gland?

A

Melatonin secretion, photo periodicity, circadian rhythm, estrus timing

21
Q

Fighting, Fleeing, Feeding, and Fornicating are the 4 F’s of the _______ system

A

Limbic

22
Q

What is the primary blood supply to the spinal cord?

A

Ventral spinal artery

23
Q

What is the secondary supply to the spinal cord?

A

Paired dorsal spinal arteries

24
Q

What makes up the basilar artery?

A

When L + R vertebral a. combine with ventral spinal a.

  1. R vertebral a.
  2. L vertebral a.
  3. Ventral spinal a.
25
Q

What is the cerebral arterial circle? What is it supplied by?

A

Area that supplies the cerebrum and cerebellum

Supplied by the basilar a. + internal carotid arteries

26
Q

The subarachnoid space can be found between what 2 meninges?

A

Between arachnoid + pia matter

contains CSF

27
Q

What is the difference between the meninges of the brain vs the spinal meninges?

A

Spinal meninges has a fat filled epidural space between dura mater and vertebrae

28
Q

_________ are formed where the 2 dural layers seperate. The space created is called a __________

A

Dural reflections, sinus

29
Q

The dorsal sagittal sinus is within the ___________

A

Falx cerebri

** in the longitudinal fissure between R + L hemispheres

30
Q

The transverse sinus is within the __________

A

Tentorium cerebelli

*** Between cerebrum + cerebellum in the transverse fissure

31
Q

What is falx cerebri?

A

Dural reflection between the R + L hemispheres

32
Q

What is tentorium cerebelli?

A

Transverse dural reflection between cerebrum + cerebellum

33
Q

Venous return from the brain is via the ____________

A

Dural sinuses into arachnoid villi

34
Q

What layer of meninges lines the 4 ventricles?

A

Pia mater

35
Q

Name the 4 ventricles

A
  1. (2) Lateral ventricles
  2. 3rd ventricle
  3. 4th ventricle
36
Q

What produces the CSF?

A

Choroid plexus

37
Q

Where is the choroid plexus found?

A

Within the ventricles

38
Q

What is the enlargement of the subarachnoid space that can be used for CSF collection?

A

Cisterna Magna

**between cerebellum + brainstem
** near atlanto-occipital joint

39
Q

The terminal tapering of the spinal cord is called the _________

A

Conus Medullaris

40
Q

Nerves caudal to the conus medullaris are called _________

A

Cauda equina

**nerves present but no spinal cord at this point

41
Q

What is the clinical significance of the conus medullaris?

A

IMPTTTT spot to take a CSF sample or give an epidural injection

*** giving injection caudal to conus medullaris avoids puncturing the spinal cord

Tapers at L6-L7 in dog

42
Q

Afferent, sensory tracts are located _______ + _______ in the exterior funiculi of the spinal cord

A

DORSAL + LATERAL

43
Q

EFFERENT, motor tracts are located _______ + ________ in the interior funiculi of the spinal cord

A

VENTRAL + LATERAL

44
Q

Which spinal tracts are first to manifest disease?

A

Most superficial and myelinated tracts are first to manifest disease (Ex: proprioception)

**Deep pain is the last to be affected by compression and has a poor prognosis

45
Q

What do you expect in an animal who has an intact crossed extensor reflex while laying down?

A

Lesion in spinal cord cranial to the reflex arc (cranial to brachial plexus or lumbar plexus)

46
Q

Give an example of a monosynaptic reflex?

A

Patellar reflex

47
Q

Give an example of a polysynaptic reflex

A

Withdrawal reflex

Stimulate biceps, inhibit triceps

48
Q

Sympathetic innervation to the head and eyes…. Ex: Mydriasis/sweating on face is coming from what segment of nerves?

A

T1-T2

GA 2 (5 decks)

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