Avian Flashcards
_________ is the opening of the cloaca and is IMPT for measuring body temp + collecting cloacal swabs
Vent
What are the bare spaces between feather tracts called?
Apteria
** apteric site over jug vein helps blood circulation
On what side of the neck can the crop be found?
Right side of neck
What bones connect the shoulder girdle to the sternum?
Clavicle and coracoid bones
What is the triangular cavity rostral to the eye in a bird called? Why is it relevant?
Infraorbital sinus
Common site of infection!
Consequence of hypovitaminosis A (malnutrition)
What does it mean when birds have almond shaped eyes?
Dehydrated or sick bird
What structures are outgrowths of skin and are extremely vascular and prone to damage?
Comb and wattle
What is the choana in birds?
Median fissure in the palate
connects oropharynx to nasal cavity
What can be found immediately caudal to the choana?
Slit like opening called the infundibular cleft - an opening of the Eustachian tubes
True or False: Birds do not have an epiglottis
True! No epiglottis in birds!!!
_______ contains the opening of the larynx
Laryngeal mound
Which is bigger in a bird: Radius or Ulna
ULNA is bigger, supports secondary flight feathers
Where is the site of insertion for intraosseous catheters?
- The ulnar carpal bone of the wrist
can be palpated as a small protuberance on the medial aspect of the wing
- Stifle joint too
Where is the site of attachment for primary feathers?
Major metacarpus and digits
Primary flight feather can be arranged in a __________ direction
lateral
Secondary flight feather can be arranged in a __________ direction
Medial
What bones do the primary flight feathers attach to?
Digits (manus) and major metacarpus
What bone do the secondary flight feathers attach to?
the ulna
What separates the primary from secondary feathers?
Axillary feather
What is the patagium?
Triangular fold of feathered skin between shoulder and carpal joint
What is the cranial border of the patagium?
Patagium ligament
What is a common site of venipuncture in chickens and waterfowl?
Metatarsal vein
What leads to bumblefoot?
Infected digital pads
What is the anatomical name for the hock joint?
Intertarsal joint (ankle)
What is the “drumstick” of the chicken?
Tibiotarsus - fusion of tibia, fibula, and upper bones of foot
What is synsacrum?
Fused thoracic, lumbar, sacral + caudal vertebrae
What is notarium?
Fused thoracic vertebrae
What can be found between the notarium + synsacrum?
Free vertebrae - prone to spinal fracture
What covers the apex of the heart in birds and is important for radiographic interpretation?
Liver covers apex of heart
The left and right clavicle unit to form the ___________
Furcula / wishbone
____________ + ____________ originate from the keel and have opposing actions
Pectoralis + supracoracoideus
The trachea is on the _______ side of the neck
Right side
What is the landmark for endotracheal intubation in a bird?
Layngeal mound
The 2 sided vocal organ in songbirds is called ____________
Syrinx
The lungs in birds have a _________ volume unlike mammals
Constant volume
How many air sacs in a chicken? Name them
8 total
1 cervical and clavicular air sac
paired cranial thoracic, caudal thoracic, and abdominal air sacs
The jug vein is bigger on the _____ side of a bird
Right
Which birds do not have a crop?
Owls and geese
What is the glandular stomach in a bird called?
Proventriculus
The grinding stomach is called?
Ventriculus
What is the remnant of the embryonic yolk sac?
Vitelline / merkels diverticulum
What divides the upper and lower ileum?
Vitelline/Merkels diverticulum
What are the 3 compartments of the cloaca?
Coprodeum
Urodeum
Proctodeum
What is the opening of the cloaca to the outside world called?
The vent
How many lobes does the bird kidney have?
3
What organ can be found between the proventriculus and ventriculus?
Spleen
