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Grade 8: Biology yeet > Reproductory System > Flashcards

Reproductory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Define reproduction

A
  • Reproduction is one of the seven life processes
  • All living things reproduce
  • Humans use sexual reproduction to produce their young
  • In order to do this, the male & female have different reproductive systems & organs which produce different sex cells
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2
Q

Where are gametes (sex cells) formed?

A

In special sex organs called gonads.

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3
Q

What is the male sex cell called?

A

Sperm

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4
Q

What is the female sex cell called?

A

The Ovum/egg

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5
Q

Where is the sperm cell produced?

A

Testes

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6
Q

Where is the ovum/egg produced?

A

In the ovary

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7
Q

What are the 4 parts of the sperm cell? Name each part’s function.

A

Flagellum - helps the sperm to “swim”
Little cytoplasm - helps give the sperm a streamlined shape
Nucleus - contains the male genetic information
Tip of the head - contains enzymes that attack the coat of the egg and several mitochondria to provide energy to “swim”

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8
Q

What are the 3 parts of the ovum/egg? Name each part’s function.

A

Nucleus - controls the egg and contains the female genetic information
Cytoplasm - contains a store of food for energy
Jelly coat - makes sure that only 1 sperm cell can enter the egg

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9
Q

What is the MAIN function of the sperm?

A

To carry the male genetic info and fertilise the female egg

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10
Q

What is the MAIN function of the ovum/egg?

A

To carry the female genetic info and provide nutrients for the embryo following fertilisation.

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11
Q

Name 4 adaptations of sperm.

A
  1. Millions of sperm are produced
  2. Swims with a tail
  3. Small and streamlined
  4. Contains enzymes to break down cell walls
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12
Q

Name 4 adaptations of the ovum/egg.

A
  1. Produced one at a time
  2. Unable to move
  3. Large in size
  4. Contain food stores
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13
Q

Name the 8 parts of the male reproductive system.

A
  1. Bladder
  2. Glands
  3. Penis
  4. Sperm duct
  5. Urethra
  6. Testis
  7. Foreskin
  8. Scrotum
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14
Q

Name the 7 parts of the female reproductive system.

A
  1. Oviduct
  2. Ovary
  3. Uterus
  4. Bladder
  5. Cervix
  6. Vagina
  7. Urethra
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15
Q

Define cervix

A

Opening/“neck”of the uterus at the top of the vagina

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16
Q

Define vagina

A

Connects the cervix to the outside of the body - sperm is deposited here by the penis during sex

17
Q

Define ovum

A

The female sex cell - sometimes called the “egg”

18
Q

Define ovary

A

After puberty, egg/ovum is released from here once every 28 days or so.

19
Q

Define oviduct

A

Carries the ovum from the ovary to the uterus - the egg is fertilised here

20
Q

Define sperm

A

The male sex cell - it is adapted to swim from the vagina to the egg

21
Q

Define testes

A

After puberty, these make sperm continuously

22
Q

Define scrotum

A

A sac of skin which holds the testes

23
Q

Describe the route that sperm takes from the testes to outside the body

A
  • Sperm leaves the testes and travels down the sperm duct which travels past/through the glands
  • The glands provide the sperm cells with food so that they have energy for swimming
  • The sperm duct joins the urethra which carries the sperm out of the body
24
Q

Why do sperm have mitochondria?

A

It has enough energy to complete its journey to the egg

25
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

Fertilisation is the process of sperm entering the egg

26
Q

Define haploid

A

Fusion of female and male gametes

27
Q

Define zygote

A

The cell that is formed after the fusion of male and female gametes

28
Q

Describe the process of fertilisation and development of a baby.

A
  • Sperm is ejaculated from the male sex organ into the female sex organ.
  • Sperm moves through tract and reaches the ovum (in the oviduct). Fertilisation occurs to form a zygote.
  • The zygote then undergoes cell division (mitosis) and develops into an embryo
  • The embryo implants onto the lining of the uterus, and develops a placenta and an amniotic sac.
  • When the embryo becomes recognisably human we call it a foetus (unborn baby)
29
Q

Define and describe the role of the placenta.

A

The placenta allows the mother’s blood to come close to the baby’s to allow exchange of food, oxygen and wastes by diffusion. The placenta also has a large surface area.

30
Q

Define amniotic sac

A

Protects the baby

31
Q

Define umbilical cord

A

Connects the baby to the mother

32
Q

Describe the process of giving birth.

A
  1. The amnion splits and the watery amniotic fluid runs out.
  2. During labour, hormones make the muscles of the uterus contract at regular intervals.
  3. The baby turns so that its head is above the cervix, ready for birth.
  4. The muscles of the cervix relax and the head of the baby passes into the vagina.
  5. Contractions continue until the placenta has passed out of the mother’s body.
33
Q

Give three substances that a mother should avoid during pregnancy.

A

Smoking
Alcohol
Drugs

34
Q

Give 4 things that will help a mother during pregnancy.

A

Managing stress or anxiety
Supportive relationship
Not in poor physical, mental or emotional health
Balanced diet

Grade 8: Biology yeet (9 decks)

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