Reproductory System

Question 1

Define reproduction

Answer 1

• Reproduction is one of the seven life processes
• All living things reproduce
• Humans use sexual reproduction to produce their young
• In order to do this, the male & female have different reproductive systems & organs which produce different sex cells

Question 2

Where are gametes (sex cells) formed?

Answer 2

In special sex organs called gonads.

Question 3

What is the male sex cell called?

Answer 3

Sperm

Question 4

What is the female sex cell called?

Answer 4

The Ovum/egg

Question 5

Where is the sperm cell produced?

Answer 5

Testes

Question 6

Where is the ovum/egg produced?

Answer 6

In the ovary

Question 7

What are the 4 parts of the sperm cell? Name each part’s function.

Answer 7

Flagellum - helps the sperm to “swim”
Little cytoplasm - helps give the sperm a streamlined shape
Nucleus - contains the male genetic information
Tip of the head - contains enzymes that attack the coat of the egg and several mitochondria to provide energy to “swim”

Question 8

What are the 3 parts of the ovum/egg? Name each part’s function.

Answer 8

Nucleus - controls the egg and contains the female genetic information
Cytoplasm - contains a store of food for energy
Jelly coat - makes sure that only 1 sperm cell can enter the egg

Question 9

What is the MAIN function of the sperm?

Answer 9

To carry the male genetic info and fertilise the female egg

Question 10

What is the MAIN function of the ovum/egg?

Answer 10

To carry the female genetic info and provide nutrients for the embryo following fertilisation.

Question 11

Name 4 adaptations of sperm.

Answer 11

1. Millions of sperm are produced
2. Swims with a tail
3. Small and streamlined
4. Contains enzymes to break down cell walls

Question 12

Name 4 adaptations of the ovum/egg.

Answer 12

1. Produced one at a time
2. Unable to move
3. Large in size
4. Contain food stores

Question 13

Name the 8 parts of the male reproductive system.

Answer 13

1. Bladder
2. Glands
3. Penis
4. Sperm duct
5. Urethra
6. Testis
7. Foreskin
8. Scrotum

Question 14

Name the 7 parts of the female reproductive system.

Answer 14

1. Oviduct
2. Ovary
3. Uterus
4. Bladder
5. Cervix
6. Vagina
7. Urethra

Question 15

Define cervix

Answer 15

Opening/“neck”of the uterus at the top of the vagina

Question 16

Define vagina

Answer 16

Connects the cervix to the outside of the body - sperm is deposited here by the penis during sex

Question 17

Define ovum

Answer 17

The female sex cell - sometimes called the “egg”

Question 18

Define ovary

Answer 18

After puberty, egg/ovum is released from here once every 28 days or so.

Question 19

Define oviduct

Answer 19

Carries the ovum from the ovary to the uterus - the egg is fertilised here

Question 20

Define sperm

Answer 20

The male sex cell - it is adapted to swim from the vagina to the egg

Question 21

Define testes

Answer 21

After puberty, these make sperm continuously

Question 22

Define scrotum

Answer 22

A sac of skin which holds the testes

Question 23

Describe the route that sperm takes from the testes to outside the body

Answer 23

• Sperm leaves the testes and travels down the sperm duct which travels past/through the glands
• The glands provide the sperm cells with food so that they have energy for swimming
• The sperm duct joins the urethra which carries the sperm out of the body

Question 24

Why do sperm have mitochondria?

Answer 24

It has enough energy to complete its journey to the egg

Question 25

What is fertilisation?

Answer 25

Fertilisation is the process of sperm entering the egg

Question 26

Define haploid

Answer 26

Fusion of female and male gametes

Question 27

Define zygote

Answer 27

The cell that is formed after the fusion of male and female gametes

Question 28

Describe the process of fertilisation and development of a baby.

Answer 28

- Sperm is ejaculated from the male sex organ into the female sex organ. - Sperm moves through tract and reaches the ovum (in the oviduct). Fertilisation occurs to form a zygote. - The zygote then undergoes cell division (mitosis) and develops into an embryo - The embryo implants onto the lining of the uterus, and develops a placenta and an amniotic sac. - When the embryo becomes recognisably human we call it a foetus (unborn baby)

Question 29

Define and describe the role of the placenta.

Answer 29

The placenta allows the mother's blood to come close to the baby's to allow exchange of food, oxygen and wastes by diffusion. The placenta also has a large surface area.

Question 30

Define amniotic sac

Answer 30

Protects the baby

Question 31

Define umbilical cord

Answer 31

Connects the baby to the mother

Question 32

Describe the process of giving birth.

Answer 32

1. The amnion splits and the watery amniotic fluid runs out. 2. During labour, hormones make the muscles of the uterus contract at regular intervals. 3. The baby turns so that its head is above the cervix, ready for birth. 4. The muscles of the cervix relax and the head of the baby passes into the vagina. 5. Contractions continue until the placenta has passed out of the mother's body.

Question 33

Give three substances that a mother should avoid during pregnancy.

Answer 33

Smoking Alcohol Drugs

Question 34

Give 4 things that will help a mother during pregnancy.

Answer 34

Managing stress or anxiety Supportive relationship Not in poor physical, mental or emotional health Balanced diet