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Reproductive Systems Flashcards

1
Q

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS- Purpose

A

to continue the human species by the production of offspring

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2
Q

Meiosis

A
  • the process of cell division in which 1 cell divides twice to form 4 cells
  • one cell has a diploid number of 46 chromosomes
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3
Q

Haploid

A
  • means half

- each of the 4 cells has a haploid number of 23

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4
Q

Forms gametes

A

meiosis

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5
Q

Both male & female humans produce

A

gametes

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6
Q

When fertilization occurs the

A

nuclei of the egg & sperm merge

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7
Q

The fertilized egg (zygote) has

A

46 chromosomes

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8
Q

spermatogenesis

A

The process of meiosis in the testes to produce sperm cells; regulated by hormones

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9
Q

oogenesis

A

The process of meiosis in the ovary to produce an ovum (egg cell); regulated by hormones

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10
Q

Spermatogonia (stem cells),

A
  • in the seminiferous tubules
  • divide by mitosis to form two cells
  • One cell will remain as a stem cell & the other specializes to become a primary spermatocyte that will undergo meiosis
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11
Q

Anterior pituitary secretes

A

FSH

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12
Q

FSH-SPERMATOGENESIS

A

initiates sperm production

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13
Q

Testosterone

A

secreted by the testes (when stimulated by LH) promotes the maturation of sperm

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14
Q

Inhibin

A

produced by the testes, decreases the secretion of FSH

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15
Q

4 functional sperm cells are produced during

A

SPERMATOGENESIS

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16
Q

Millions of ____ are produced daily in the ___

A

sperm

testes

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17
Q

The process of meiosis in the ovary to produce an

A

ovum (egg cell); regulated by hormones

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18
Q

FSH- OOGENESIS

A
  • initiates the growth of ovarian follicles, each of which contains an oogonium(stem cell)
  • stimulates the follicle to secrete estrogen which promotes the maturation of the ovum
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19
Q

The oogonium divides into 2 cells by the process of

A

mitosis; 1 cell remains a stem cell & the other becomes a primary oocyte

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20
Q

The primary oocytes divides (meiosis) into a

A

secondary oocyte & a polar body

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21
Q

The polar body divides into

A

2 polar bodies

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22
Q

The secondary oocyte divides (meiosis) into

A

another polar body & a mature ovum

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23
Q

Polar bodies (3) have

A

no function & deteriorate

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24
Q

Production of ova begins at

A

at puberty (10 – 14 yrs)

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25
Production of ova continues
until menopause
26
Egg production is
cyclical
27
Cyclical egg production meaning
a mature ovum produced q28 days (menstrual cycle)
28
Male Repro sys
- Testes - Reproductive ducts - Epididymus - Ductus deferens (vas deferens) - Ejaculatory duct - Urethra - Reproductive glands
29
Reproductive glands
seminal vesicles prostate gland bulbourethral glands
30
Testes
- two - In the male fetus, develop near the kidneys ; descend into the scrotum just before birth -1.5”long/1”wide divided into lobes
31
In the testes each lobe contains
seminiferous tubules
32
seminiferous tubules
- (spermatogenesis takes place); | - responsible for sperm production
33
Testes location
Located in the scrotum between the upper thighs
34
Testes temp
(96F)-lower than body temperature
35
SPERM
- head - acrosome - middle piece - flagellum
36
Head of sperm
contains 23 chromosomes
37
Acrosome
- On the tip of the head of the sperm | - Contains enzymes to digest the membrane of an egg cell
38
Middle piece
contains mitochondria / produce ATP
39
Flagellum
provides motility (the capability to move)
40
EPIDIDYMIS
- Two | - 20ft (6m) long tube that is coiled on the posterior surface of each testis
41
Sperm completes maturation in
Epididymis
42
Flagella becomes functional in
Epididymis
43
Smooth muscle propels the sperm from the epididymis into
into the ductus (vas)deferens
44
DUCTUS DEFERENS
- two | - AKA VAS DEFERENS
45
Extends from the epididymus into the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal over & behind the urinary bladder to join the ejaculatory duct
VAS/DUCTUS DEFERENS
46
Smooth muscle contracts in peristalsis in the
VAS/DUCTUS DEFERENS
47
EJACULATORY DUCTS
- Two - Receives sperm from the vas deferens - Receives secretions of the seminal vesicles - Empty into the urethra
48
SEMINAL VESICLES
- Two | - Posterior to the urinary bladder
49
Duct of each opens into ejaculatory duct
SEMINAL VESICLES
50
Secretion contains fructose, to nourish the sperm
SEMINAL VESICLES
51
Secretion is alkaline to enhance sperm motility
SEMINAL VESICLES
52
PROSTATE GLAND
- One - Below the urinary bladder - Encloses the first inch of the urethra
53
Secretion is alkaline to maintain sperm motility
PROSTATE GLAND
54
Smooth muscle contributes to the force required for ejaculation
PROSTATE GLAND
55
BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS
-AKA Cowper’s glands -Size of peas Below the prostate gland
56
The BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS empty into the
urethra
57
Helps to neutralize the acidic vaginal pH & permits sperm motility
BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS
58
Secretion is alkaline to line the urethra prior ejaculation, to neutralize any acidic urine that might be present
BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS
59
URETHRA
- Last of the ducts through which semen travels | - The longest portion is enclosed within the penis
60
Within the penis are 3 masses of erectile tissue
smooth muscle connective tissues blood sinuses & vascular channels
61
During sexual stimulation the blood flow to the penis allows the penis to
become erect, firm, & able to penetrate the female vagina to deposit sperm
62
Ejaculation
- is the culmination of sexual stimulation - brought about by peristalsis of all of the reproductive ducts - contraction of the prostate gland & muscles of the pelvic floor

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (10 decks)

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