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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY > Reproductive Systems > Flashcards

Reproductive Systems Flashcards

1
Q

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS- Purpose

A

to continue the human species by the production of offspring

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2
Q

Meiosis

A
  • the process of cell division in which 1 cell divides twice to form 4 cells
  • one cell has a diploid number of 46 chromosomes
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3
Q

Haploid

A
  • means half

- each of the 4 cells has a haploid number of 23

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4
Q

Forms gametes

A

meiosis

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5
Q

Both male & female humans produce

A

gametes

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6
Q

When fertilization occurs the

A

nuclei of the egg & sperm merge

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7
Q

The fertilized egg (zygote) has

A

46 chromosomes

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8
Q

spermatogenesis

A

The process of meiosis in the testes to produce sperm cells; regulated by hormones

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9
Q

oogenesis

A

The process of meiosis in the ovary to produce an ovum (egg cell); regulated by hormones

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10
Q

Spermatogonia (stem cells),

A
  • in the seminiferous tubules
  • divide by mitosis to form two cells
  • One cell will remain as a stem cell & the other specializes to become a primary spermatocyte that will undergo meiosis
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11
Q

Anterior pituitary secretes

A

FSH

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12
Q

FSH-SPERMATOGENESIS

A

initiates sperm production

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13
Q

Testosterone

A

secreted by the testes (when stimulated by LH) promotes the maturation of sperm

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14
Q

Inhibin

A

produced by the testes, decreases the secretion of FSH

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15
Q

4 functional sperm cells are produced during

A

SPERMATOGENESIS

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16
Q

Millions of ____ are produced daily in the ___

A

sperm

testes

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17
Q

The process of meiosis in the ovary to produce an

A

ovum (egg cell); regulated by hormones

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18
Q

FSH- OOGENESIS

A
  • initiates the growth of ovarian follicles, each of which contains an oogonium(stem cell)
  • stimulates the follicle to secrete estrogen which promotes the maturation of the ovum
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19
Q

The oogonium divides into 2 cells by the process of

A

mitosis; 1 cell remains a stem cell & the other becomes a primary oocyte

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20
Q

The primary oocytes divides (meiosis) into a

A

secondary oocyte & a polar body

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21
Q

The polar body divides into

A

2 polar bodies

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22
Q

The secondary oocyte divides (meiosis) into

A

another polar body & a mature ovum

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23
Q

Polar bodies (3) have

A

no function & deteriorate

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24
Q

Production of ova begins at

A

at puberty (10 – 14 yrs)

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25
Q

Production of ova continues

A

until menopause

26
Q

Egg production is

A

cyclical

27
Q

Cyclical egg production meaning

A

a mature ovum produced q28 days (menstrual cycle)

28
Q

Male Repro sys

A
  • Testes
  • Reproductive ducts
  • Epididymus
  • Ductus deferens (vas deferens)
  • Ejaculatory duct
  • Urethra
  • Reproductive glands
29
Q

Reproductive glands

A

seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands

30
Q

Testes

A
  • two
  • In the male fetus, develop near the kidneys ; descend into the scrotum just before birth

-1.5”long/1”wide divided into lobes

31
Q

In the testes each lobe contains

A

seminiferous tubules

32
Q

seminiferous tubules

A
  • (spermatogenesis takes place);

- responsible for sperm production

33
Q

Testes location

A

Located in the scrotum between the upper thighs

34
Q

Testes temp

A

(96F)-lower than body temperature

35
Q

SPERM

A
  • head
  • acrosome
  • middle piece
  • flagellum
36
Q

Head of sperm

A

contains 23 chromosomes

37
Q

Acrosome

A
  • On the tip of the head of the sperm

- Contains enzymes to digest the membrane of an egg cell

38
Q

Middle piece

A

contains mitochondria / produce ATP

39
Q

Flagellum

A

provides motility (the capability to move)

40
Q

EPIDIDYMIS

A
  • Two

- 20ft (6m) long tube that is coiled on the posterior surface of each testis

41
Q

Sperm completes maturation in

A

Epididymis

42
Q

Flagella becomes functional in

A

Epididymis

43
Q

Smooth muscle propels the sperm from the epididymis into

A

into the ductus (vas)deferens

44
Q

DUCTUS DEFERENS

A
  • two

- AKA VAS DEFERENS

45
Q

Extends from the epididymus into the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal over & behind the urinary bladder to join the ejaculatory duct

A

VAS/DUCTUS DEFERENS

46
Q

Smooth muscle contracts in peristalsis in the

A

VAS/DUCTUS DEFERENS

47
Q

EJACULATORY DUCTS

A
  • Two
  • Receives sperm from the vas deferens
  • Receives secretions of the seminal vesicles
  • Empty into the urethra
48
Q

SEMINAL VESICLES

A
  • Two

- Posterior to the urinary bladder

49
Q

Duct of each opens into ejaculatory duct

A

SEMINAL VESICLES

50
Q

Secretion contains fructose, to nourish the sperm

A

SEMINAL VESICLES

51
Q

Secretion is alkaline to enhance sperm motility

A

SEMINAL VESICLES

52
Q

PROSTATE GLAND

A
  • One
  • Below the urinary bladder
  • Encloses the first inch of the urethra
53
Q

Secretion is alkaline to maintain sperm motility

A

PROSTATE GLAND

54
Q

Smooth muscle contributes to the force required for ejaculation

A

PROSTATE GLAND

55
Q

BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS

A

-AKA Cowper’s glands
-Size of peas
Below the prostate gland

56
Q

The BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS empty into the

A

urethra

57
Q

Helps to neutralize the acidic vaginal pH & permits sperm motility

A

BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS

58
Q

Secretion is alkaline to line the urethra prior ejaculation, to neutralize any acidic urine that might be present

A

BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS

59
Q

URETHRA

A
  • Last of the ducts through which semen travels

- The longest portion is enclosed within the penis

60
Q

Within the penis are 3 masses of erectile tissue

A

smooth muscle

connective tissues

blood sinuses & vascular channels

61
Q

During sexual stimulation the blood flow to the penis allows the penis to

A

become erect, firm, & able to penetrate the female vagina to deposit sperm

62
Q

Ejaculation

A
  • is the culmination of sexual stimulation
  • brought about by peristalsis of all of the reproductive ducts
  • contraction of the prostate gland & muscles of the pelvic floor

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (10 decks)

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