Reproductive System (Poll Ev. Questions with Explanations)

Question 1

The path of the sperm through the male reproductive system is: testis ->

A. seminal vesicle -> vas deferens -> ureter
B. epididymis -> vas deferens -> urethra
C. prostate -> seminal vesicle -> epididymis
D. vas deferens -> epididymis -> seminal vesicle

Answer 1

B. epididymis -> vas deferens -> urethra

Epididymis is the first part of the duct. It is larger and “sits” on the testis.
The vas (ductus) deferens is the long aspect of the duct that continues from the epididymis, wraps around the bladder, and then joins with the urethra.

Question 2

The blood-testis barrier is located between the ______.

A. Capillary endothelium and seminiferous tubule
B. Primary spermatocytes and secondary spermatocytes
C. Spermatogonia and the primary spermatocytes
D. Secondary spermatocytes and spermatids

Answer 2

C. Spermatogonia and the primary spermatocytes

The spermatogonium cell gives rise to the primary spermatocyte. The blood-testis barrier separates the two. It is a dynamic barrier that can “open and close” as needed so the primary spermatocyte can move toward the lumen.

Question 3

After completion of Meiosis II, male gametes are:

A. Diploid
B. Haploid
C. Aneuploid
D. Euploid

Answer 3

B. Haploid

Meiosis results in four daughter cells containing half of the genetic material as in the parent cell, making it haploid.

Question 4

Sperm entering the lumen of the seminiferous tubules are:

A. Mature but immotile
B. Mature and motile
C. Immature and immotile
D. Immature but motile

Answer 4

C. Immature and immotile

Maturation of the sperm takes place in the epididymis. Sperm leaving the epididymis is still not capable of coordinated movement or fertilization.

Question 5

Fibrinogen forms a temporary clot in the vagina and is produced in the ______.

A. Seminal vesicles
B. Prostate gland
C. Bulbourethral gland
D. Epididymis

Answer 5

A. Seminal vesicles

Seminal vesicles = seminal glands.
Produces fibrinogen.

Question 6

In males, where would you find FSH receptors?

A. Granulosa cells
B. Nurse cells
C. Theca cells
D. Leydig cells

Answer 6

B. Nurse cells

Look at the flow chart! LSH acts in the testis to affect nurse cells.

Question 7

Female germ cells enter meiosis I:

A. Before birth
B. During puberty
C. At fertilization
D. During menopause

Answer 7

A. Before birth

Primary oocytes enter meiosis I before birth, then pauses at Prophase I until puberty.

Question 8

Female germ cells complete meiosis II:

A. Before birth
B. During puberty
C. At fertilization
D. During menopause

Answer 8

C. At fertilization

Metaphase II takes place at the point of ovulation. Then, meiosis II can be completed during fertilization.

Question 9

Testosterone injections in excess could lead to male infertility because of ________.

A. Increased levels of FSH
B. Increased levels of inhibin
C. Increased levels of LH
D. None of the above

Answer 9

D. None of the above

Testosterone has a negative feedback effect by directly inhibiting GNRH release. If taking testosterone injections, testosterone will always be high and actively inhibiting GNRH. This causes FSH and LH levels to decrease, which affects spermatogenesis in nurse cells.

Testosterone injections would result in DECREASED FSH, LH, and inhibin, NOT increased.

Question 10

Which uterine phase is marked by the initial buildup of endometrium in response to estrogen levels?

A. Secretory phase
B. Proliferative phase
C. Luteal phase
D. Menstruation

Answer 10

B. Proliferative phase

Reference the chart/graph.
The proliferative phase marks when the lining beings to grow (influenced by estrogen).
In the secretory phase, different secretions are produced by the lining and happens due to progesterone.

Question 11

High levels of GnRH will lead to an increase in:

A. FSH from the anterior pituitary
B. Testosterone from theca cells
C. Inhibin from granulosa cells
D. All of the above

Answer 11

D. All of the above

FSH causes the release of LH, which acts on theca cells to release androgens like testosterone. Inhibin will be released from the granulosa cells, which are also acted upon by FSH.

Question 12

High levels of estrogen from the dominant follicle cause a _______ feedback to the hypothalamus that leads to a(n) ______ levels of LH.

A. Negative; decreased
B. Negative; increased
C. Positive; decreased
D. Positive; increased

Answer 12

D. Positive; increased

10 days into the cycle, there will be high levels of estrogen that will have a positive feedback effect that leads to the release of LH.
Low estrogen has a negative feedback (think of menopause).

Question 13

Which of the following acts as a contraceptive by directly inhibiting a hypothalamic hormone?

A. FSH
B. Estrogen
C. Progesterone
D. LH

Answer 13

C. Progesterone

Hormonal contraceptives only use progesterone/progestin and sometimes estrogen. Progesterone works as a contraceptive by inhibiting GnRH.

Question 14

Which of the following STDs is caused by a bacteria?

A. Trichomoniasis
B. Syphilis
C. Genital HPV
D. AIDS

Answer 14

B. Syphilis

Trichomoniasis: parasitic
HPV: V for Viral
AIDS: caused by HIV – V for Viral

Question 15

Rspo1/Wnt4 is responsible for what?

A. Initiated puberty
B. Triggering ovulation
C. Development of an ovary
D. Maintenance of corpus luteum

Answer 15

C. Development of an ovary

When Y chromosome is present, these proteins are suppressed, forming testes. When these proteins are activated, ovaries are formed.

Question 16

Which of the following is true?

A. Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is necessary for the Mullarian duct.
B. Estrogen is necessary for the development of an ovary.
C. Testosterone is necessary for the development of the testes.
D. Chromosomal sex determines gonadal sex, which determines phenotypic sex.

Answer 16

D. Chromosomal sex determines gonadal sex, which determines phenotypic sex.

Testes and ovaries produce the various hormones that dictate phenotypic development.
AMH degrades Mullarian duct.
Ovaries and testes come before estrogen and testosterone. Ovary and testis development is determined chromosomally, NOT hormonally.

Question 17

Which of the following does not develop from the Mullerian duct?

A. Uterus
B. Uterine tubes
C. Cervix
D. Lower vagina

Answer 17

D. Lower vagina

Mullerian ducts only form structures as far as the upper vagina.

Question 18

A mutated Y chromosome that lacked an SRY gene would lead to:

A. Degradation of the Wolffian duct
B. Development of testes
C. Activation of Sox9
D. Masculinization of external genitalia

Answer 18

A. Degradation of the Wolffian duct

Retaining the Wolffian duct requires SRY.
Without SRY, Sox9 would be inactive. With Sox9 inactive, testes would not form, thus, masculinization of external genitalia would not occur.

Question 19

An XY individual with Androgen Insensitivity Disorder will develop the following:

A. Ovary and Wolffian ducts
B. Testes and Mullerian ducts
C. Ovary with both Mullerian and Wolffian ducts
D. Testes and no ducts

Answer 19

D. Testes and no ducts

XY chromosomes: testes present.
AMH produced by testes, degrades Mullerian ducts. However, DHT can not bind to maintain Wolffian ducts.

Question 20

The final step of capacitation occurs in the:

A. Tail of the epididymis
B. Vas deferens
C. Urethra
D. Female reproductive tract

Answer 20

D. Female reproductive tract

Increased sperm motility and changes to sperm head allow fertilization. Only occurs when exposed to female tract.
Capacitation for the sake of mobility (first step) occurs while still in the male system. This is not the final step.

Question 21

During the first trimester of pregnancy, the corpus luteum is prevented from degrading by:

A. hCG secreted by the placenta
B. Prolactin secreted by the anterior pituitary
C. Estrogen secreted by the follicle
D. Inhibin secreted by granulosa cells

Answer 21

A. hCG secreted by the placenta

hCG maintains the corpus luteum, which will continue to produce progesterone until the placenta can produce it on its own.

Question 22

The nausea and tiredness during the first trimester can be attributed to the effects of _______.

A. hPL
B. Estrogen
C. Progesterone
D. hCG

Answer 22

D. hCG

High hCG causes nausea and fatigue.

Question 23

The swelling of ankles, face, and hands during pregnancy is due to the ________.

A. Impact of hormones on CT
B. Increased blood volume
C. Reduced insulin sensitivity
D. Activation of melanocyte stimulating hormone

Answer 23

B. Increased blood volume

Blood plasma increases significantly, resulting is swelling of extremities.

Question 24

Labor involves:

A. Increased progesterone to prevent degradation of the corpus luteum
B. Increased relaxin to inhibit oxytocin
C. Increased oxytocin to promote myometrial contractions
D. The contraction of the cervix

Answer 24

C. Increased oxytocin to promote myometrial contractions

Myometrial = muscular part of the uterus (push baby)
Corpus luteum is maintained in EARLY pregnancy.
Oxytocin is necessary for labor.
Cervix dilates during labor.

Question 25

Infant suckling stimulates the secretion of _______ to produce milk and ________ to eject milk

A. Prostaglandins; relaxin
B. Oxytocin; progesterone
C. Estrogen; prolactin
D. Prolactin; oxytocin

Answer 25

D. Prolactin; oxytocin