All Exam 4 Questions Flashcards
_______ is a hormone that is synthesized by the alpha cells in the pancreas and it stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver.
A. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
B. Glucagon
C. Gastrin
D. Insulin
B. Glucagon
The rate of oxygen diffusion across the blood-air barrier is explained by ________ Law.
A. Henry’s
B. Dalton’s
C. Fick’s
D. Boyle’s
C. Fick’s
Countercurrent multiplication occurs in the ________ and thus helps establish the medullary osmotic gradient in the filtrate.
A. Proximal convoluted tubules
B. Distal convoluted tubules
C. Nephron loop/loop of Henle
D. Vasa recta
C. Nephron loop/loop of Henle
________ Law helps us understand the relationship between pressure and volume in the lungs when breathing. During inspiration, the volume of the lungs increases which results in lower pressure inside the lungs.
A. Henry’s
B. Dalton’s
C. Fick’s
D. Boyle’s
D. Boyle’s
Breathing in air through the nose rather than the mouth is important because the incoming air will be:
A. Filtered by the nasal hair
B. Humidified
C. Warmed
D. All of the above are correct
D. All of the above are correct
A mutation that decreases the release of secretin will most likely result in impaired:
A. Fat breakdown
B. Insulin secretion
C. Neutralization of acidic chyme
D. Protein synthesis
C. Neutralization of acidic chyme
Hypocapnia refers to a decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in arterial blood. When hypocapnia is detected, the respiratory system will respond by increasing the rate of :
A. Diaphragm contraction
B. Diaphragm relaxation
C. Intercostal muscle relaxation
D. All of the above are correct
A. Diaphragm contraction
Very low density proteins (VLDL) are produced in the ______ and they carry fat to various tissues in the body.
A. Epithelial cells of the small intestine
B. Liver
C. Muscles
D. Adipose tissue
B. Liver
The _______ is lined with stratified squamous epithelium because it is shared by the digestive and respiratory system.
A. Alveoli
B. Oropharynx
C. Larynx
D. Trachea
B. Oropharynx
The _____ stores urine temporarily and the lumen of this organ is lined by ________ epithelium to permit distension/stretching.
A. Bladder, transitional
B. Urethra; stratified squamous
C. Ureter; stratified squamous
D. Kidney; simple cuboidal
A. Bladder, transitional
__________ is the process of moving waste products and other substances from the peritubular capillaries into the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron.
A. Tubular secretion
B. Tubular resorption
C. Glomerular filtration
D. Glomerular secretion
A. Tubular secretion
When there is a drop in blood pressure or low blood volume, the kidneys release _________ to convert angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I.
A. Vasopressin/ADH
B. Aldosterone
C. Angiotensin converting enzyme
D. Renin
D. Renin
During swallowing the _______ prevents food from entering the trachea.
A. Tongue
B. Hard palate
C. Epiglottis
D. Soft palate
C. Epiglottis
The brain sends signals to the intercostal muscles located between the ribs via the _______nerves, allowing for control of breathing.
A. Intercostal
B. Phrenic
C. Vagus
D. Olfactory
A. Intercostal
You just started eating a delicious meal. Which of the following biological processes would most likely occur in your body as you eat.
A. Salivary amylase breaks down starch in the mouth
B. Gastrin secretions decrease
C. Secretions by accessory organs are inhibited
D. Intestinal secretions are inhibited
A. Salivary amylase breaks down starch in the mouth
Which of the following has the greatest influence on glomerular filtration rate.
A. Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
B. Capsular hydrostatic pressure
C. Blood colloidal osmotic pressure
D. Tubular hydrostatic pressure
A. Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
Kwashiorkor is characterized by impaired immunity because proteins are unavailable to make:
A. Antibodies
B. Micelles
C. Lipoproteins
D. Bile
A. Antibodies
______ pH and _______ temperature would decrease the affinity for oxygen binding to hemoglobin to make more oxygen available in the plasma.
A. Increased; decreased
B. Increased; increased
C. Decreased; increased
D. Decreased; decreased
C. Decreased; increased
______ uses ATP to move molecules against the concentration gradient.
A. Facilitated diffusion
B. Co-transport
C. Active transport
D. Counter transport
C. Active transport
Saliva has antimicrobial properties due to the presence of:
A. Amylase
B. Lipase
C. Lysozyme
D. Gastrin
C. Lysozyme
Thinking about food triggers the ________ phase but the ________ phase begins when the bolus enters the stomach.
A. Cephalic; gastric
B. Cephalic; intestinal
C. Gastric; intestinal
D. Intestinal; gastric
A. Cephalic; gastric
The presence of glucose in the urine may be indicative of a disorder in the:
A. Pancreas
B. Kidney
C. Adrenal gland
D. Liver
A. Pancreas
The rate of gastric emptying will be increased by:
A. Increased gastric pressure
B. A salty meal
C. A high-fat meal
D. A high-fiber meal
A. Increased gastric pressure
The _______ are found in the respiratory portion of the respiratory system.
A. Respiratory bronchioles
B. Nasal cavity
C. Larynx
D. Trachea
A. Respiratory bronchioles
In the three steps of urine formation in the nephron, blood is filtered in the:
A. Proximal convoluted tubule
B. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Glomerular capsule
D. Papillary duct
C. Glomerular capsule
During inspiration, the atmospheric pressure is ______ than pressure in the alveoli. Moreover, the pressure in the alveoli is ______ than the pressure in the intrapleural space.
A. Greater; lesser
B. Lesser; greater
C. Greater; greater
D. Lesser; lesser
C. Greater; greater
When exercising, the glomerular filtration rate is under ______ because of the sympathetic fibers that innervate the kidneys.
A. Hormonal regulation
B. Neural regulation
C. Autoregulation
D. Humoral regulation
B. Neural regulation
