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ANAT-A 215 Exam 4 > Reproductive System; Male > Flashcards

Reproductive System; Male Flashcards

1
Q

Male and female reproductive system consist of

A

Gonads and Accessory Reproductive Organs

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2
Q

Gonads

A

(primary sex organs):testesin the male,ovariesin the female

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3
Q

Gonads Function

A 
produce gametes (sex cells): sperm or oocytes
2) produce sex hormones
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4
Q

Accessory Reproductive Organs

A

include “ducts” that transport/store the gametes, glands that secrete substances for the gametes’ well-being, and the external genitalia

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5
Q

Accessory Reproductive Organs (2)

A

– the reproductive system is not fully functional until puberty
– at puberty, hypothalamus secretes hormones that tell Anterior Pituitary to release FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone), which act on ovaries and testes
– so you needFSH and LHto start gamete maturation and increased sex hormone production by the gonads

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6
Q

Testis Functions

A

1) to produce sperm
2) to produce androgens (male sex hormones)
* of the androgens, testosterone is the principal sex hormone

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7
Q

Testes External Anatomy

A

testes suspended in scrotum

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8
Q

Scrotum Function

A

to keep testes in a cooler external environment (3 degrees C cooler than internal body temp), to allow for normal sperm production

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9
Q

Spermatic Cord

A

runs from each testis into the abdomen

* contains blood vessels, nerves,and theductus (vans) deferens

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10
Q

Testis Internal Anatomy

A

– each testis divided into a series of internal compartments calledlobules
– each lobule contains up to 4seminiferous tubules (a tightly coiled structure, wheresperm are produced)

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11
Q

Testis - Within Seminiferous Tubules (1)

A

Spermatogonia: “stem cells” that help produce sperm

* these are the most immature male sex cells (This are on the outside of the tubule)

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12
Q

Testis - Within Seminiferous Tubules (2)

A

developing sperm (These are located more interiorly of the tubule, sperm develop from the outside edge toward the middle)

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13
Q

Testis - Within Seminiferous Tubules (3)

A

Sustentacular cells:these cells support, protect and nourish the developing sperm

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14
Q

Between Seminiferous Tubules

A

is someconnective tissue andinterstitial cells

*functionof these cells:produce and secrete androgens (specifically, testosterone)

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15
Q

Sperm Production

A

sex cells (gametes) created by MEIOSIS
* review your meiosis notes from exam 1 material!
* end result of meiosis: 4 cells produced, each w/23 chromosomes only!

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16
Q

First Step; Spermatogonia

A
  • each contains 23 pairs of chromosomes (total: 46 chromosomes - diploid)

–divide by Mitosis and produceprimary spermatocytes

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17
Q

Second Step; Primary Spermatocytes

A

still 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 chromosomes - diploid)

* these cells divide by MEIOSIS * when they finish the 1st Meiotic Division, they form secondary spermatocytes
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18
Q

Third Step; Secondary Spermatocytes

A

contain 23 chromosomes only (haploid)

* they finish the 2nd Meiotic Division to produce spermatids (This is the end of Meiosis II)

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19
Q

Fourth Step; Spermatids

A

immature sperm - contain 23 chromosomes only (haploid)

*spermatids develop into sperm (spermatozoa)

20
Q

Fifth Step; Sperm (Spermatozoa)

A

sperm will “shed” the cytoplasm from the spermatid, and develop:
1)head: contains DNA
* on head is an acrosome cap (Enzymes)
2)Midpiece (mitochondria)
3)tail (Flagellum)

21
Q

Six Step: Release

A

sperm are then released from the sustentacular cell cytoplasm, and enter the lumen of seminiferous tubule

22
Q

Regulation of the testes (1)

A

FSH from anteritor pituitary to sertoli cells on testes? – (Androgen-binding protein) facilitates sperm production; it is up to them to support this developing sperm

23
Q

Regulation of the testes (2)

A

LH from anterior pituitary to interstitial cells – testosterone; LH encourages interstitial cells to produce testosterone

24
Q

Spermatic Duct System - Epididymis

A

comma-shaped organ, located posterior to and on top of testis
* receive sperm from testis

25
Q

Spermatic Duct System - Epididymis Function

A

1) it is the place where sperm mature (gain motility/mobility)
2) it stores sperm until ejaculated

26
Q

Spermatic Duct System - Ductus (Vas) Deferens

A

18 inch long tube that runs from testis to prostate gland

27
Q

Spermatic Duct System - Ductus (Vas) Deferens Travel Path

A
  • part of its travel is within thespermatic cord
  • then it enters the abdominopelvic cavity, winds around the bladder, and is
    found near the prostate gland
  • ductus deferens will “merge” with the duct from seminal vesicle to form the Ejaculatory Duct
28
Q

Spermatic Duct System - Ejaculatory Duct

A

each one will empty its contents into the urethra

* passes through the prostate gland (but does NOT include prostatic secretions)

29
Q

How Sperm Develops, SEVEN UP (S)

A

Seminferous Tubules

30
Q

How Sperm Develops, SEVEN UP (E)

A

Epidydimys

31
Q

How Sperm Develops, SEVEN UP (V)

A

Vans Deferens

32
Q

How Sperm Develops, SEVEN UP (2nd E)

A

Ejaculatory Duct

33
Q

How Sperm Develops, SEVEN UP (N)

A

Nothing; This stands for literally nothing

34
Q

How Sperm Develops, SEVEN UP (U)

A

Urethra

35
Q

How Sperm Develops, SEVEN UP (P)

A

Penis

36
Q

Accessory Reproductive Glands Function

A

to produce a nutritive, alkaline fluid (seminal fluid) to the sperm
sperm + seminal fluid =semen

37
Q

Accessory Reproductive Glands Components

A

Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Gland
Bulbourethral Glands

38
Q

Seminal Vesicles

A

(2) each lies on posterior wall of bladder

* each has a “duct” that merges with the ductus deferens, to form ejaculatory ducts

39
Q

Prostate Gland

A

single, chestnut-shaped organ

  • inferior to bladder
  • contains the 1st part of the urethra (prostatic urethra) (This is where the prostate secretions would go)
40
Q

Bulbourethral Glands

A
  • each gland is pea-shaped
  • lies within urogenital diaphragm(This helps control the urine, this is where the two tiny glands live and will secrete directly into the urethra)
41
Q

Penis Functions

A

1) excrete urine

2) deliver sperm to female reproductive tract

42
Q

Penis 3 Parts

A

Root
Body (Shaft)
Glans

43
Q

Root

A

“fixed” end of penis

44
Q

Body (Shaft)

A

moveable end

  • 3 columns of erectile tissue:
  • (2)corpora cavernosa: erectile tissue on top (dorsum) of penis
  • (1) Corpus Spongiosum: erectile tissue underneathcorpora cavernosa, contains spongy (penile) urethra
45
Q

Glans

A

enlarged tip of penishas corpus spongiosum only

* covered with prepuce (foreskin)

46
Q

Erection

A

penis becomes “rigid”

  • more blood flow to penis, erectile tissue become engorged with blood
  • this is triggered by the parasympathetic nervous system (This is one of the few times where they actually work together and are not doing opposite things together)
47
Q

Ejaculation

A

expulsion of semen from penis

* it is triggered by the Sympathetic Nervous System (Point and Shoe is a term for both of these)

ANAT-A 215 Exam 4 (11 decks)

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