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ANAT-A 215 Exam 4 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Gastrointestinal Tract Definition

A

tube that extends from mouth to anus

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2
Q

GI Tract Components

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

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3
Q

GI Tract - Peristalsis

A

This process pushes things through the tube, smooth muscle contracts and moves the things along its path

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4
Q

GI Tract Digestion Definition

A

process of breaking down food into small fragments

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5
Q

GI Tract Mechanical Digestion

A

Physically taking the food and making it smaller with teeth

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6
Q

GI Tract Chemical Digestion

A

You use chemicals in the body to break food down on a more molecular level

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7
Q

GI Tract Absorption Definition

A

water and food molecules passthrough to GI lymphatics and blood vessels

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8
Q

GI Tract Waste Definiton

A

Eliminating the rest of food that the body cannot digest

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9
Q

Accessory Digestive Organs

A

not part of GItract, but assist with digestion

* tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver,gallbladder, pancreas

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10
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity lined by

A

Peritoneum

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11
Q

Parietal Peritoneum location

A

Lines abdominal wall

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12
Q

Visceral Peritoneum location

A

covers abdominal organs

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13
Q

Digestive System control by…

A

autonomic nervous system (This is involuntary so it must be Autonomic)

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14
Q

Parasympathetic definition

A

in general, it stimulates or increases activity of GI tract(REST AND DIGEST)

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15
Q

Sympathetic Definition

A

in general, it inhibit or decrease activity of GI tract

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16
Q

Oral Cavity lined with?

A

Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamos Epithelium

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17
Q

How many Incisors

A

2

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18
Q

How many Canines

A

1

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19
Q

How many Premolars

A

2

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20
Q

How many Molars

A

3

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21
Q

Kids; How many Incisors

A

2

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22
Q

Kids; How many Canine

A

1

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23
Q

Kids; How many Premolars

A

0

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24
Q

Kids; How many Molars

A

1

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25
Q

Tongue Information

A

Skeletal muscle covered with stratified squamos epithelium

Motor: Cranial Nerve XII, Taste. Sensory: Texture, CN V

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26
Q

Upper part of the oral cavity?

A

Palae

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27
Q

Hard Palate

A

Anterior 2/3 of palate, bony

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28
Q

Soft Palate

A

Posterior 1/3

Formed from skeletal muscle

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29
Q

Function of soft palate and uvula

A

Used to close off nasopharynx when we swallow

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30
Q

3 pairs of salivary glands?

A

Parotid, Submandibular, and Sublingual Glands

31
Q

Salivary Glands function?

A

Help secrete salvia

32
Q

Function of Saliva (1-3)

A

Dissolves food molecules so they can be tasted
Moistens food, aids into compacting it into bolus (BalL)
Cleanses mouth

33
Q

Function of Salvia (4-5)

A

Chemical digestion of carbohydrates (with salivary amylase)

Lysozyme and Antibodies in saliva inhibit bacterial growth in the mouth

34
Q

Pharynx Definition

A

“Throat”

Muscular tube that connects nasal cavity and mouth, to larynx and esophagus

35
Q

Pharynx Function

A

This skeletal muscle helps us “voluntarily” propel stuff from the mouth into the esophagus (voluntary swallowing)

36
Q

What conducts both food and air?

A

Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx

37
Q

How many layers in the walls

A

4 Layers, or Tunics

38
Q

Mucosa

A

Innermost Tunic
Epithelium
Lamina Propria (Areolar CT)
Muscularis Mucosae (Thin layer of smooth muscle)

39
Q

Submucosa

A

Connective Tissue

Contains major blood vessels

40
Q

Muscularis

A

typically contains 2 layers of smooth muscle:

1) inner circular layer
2) outer longitudinal layer
* Responsibleforperistalsis: alternate waves of contraction and relaxation

41
Q

Serosa or Adventita

A

outermost layer

  • serosa= visceral peritoneum + areolar CT
  • adventitia= areolar CT only
42
Q

Esophagus Function

A

Propel food into the stomach

43
Q

Esophagus Gross Anatomy

A

muscular tube that connects pharynx to stomach

44
Q

Esophagus Histology

A
  • -mucosa:nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
  • -muscularis: 2 layers of muscle
  • upper 1/3: skeletal muscle(Voluntary for swallowing)
  • middle 1/3: skeletal + smooth * lower 1/3: smooth muscle only
45
Q

Stomach Function

A

churns food (Mechanical digetion) and mixes it with gastric juice (Chemical Digestion) to break it down into chyme(sounds like kyme)

46
Q

Stomach Gross Anatomy

A
    • connects to esophagus and duodenum

- - located in the upper left part of the abdomen

47
Q

Stomach Histology(1)

A
  • -mucosahassimple columnar epithelium
  • mucosacontainsgastric pits
    • branching off of gastric pits aregastric glands:
  • -muscularis: has three (3) layers of smooth muscle, not two!
48
Q

Stomach Histology (2)

A
  • innermost oblique, inner circular, outer longitudinallayers (You want three layers because of all the churning that occurs in the Stomach)
49
Q

What is gastric juice?

A

Acids an enzymes that are secreted that are used to break down food.

50
Q

Small Intestine Functions

A

1) finishes the chemical digestion process

2) absorbs most (90%) of all of the nutrients

51
Q

Small Intestine; Duodenum

A

receives chyme from stomach

* receives bile and pancreatic enzymes throughduodenal papilla

52
Q

Small Intestine; Jejunum

A

3/5 of remaining small intestine

HUGE surface area. The more surface area you have, the more absorption that can occur.

53
Q

Small Intestine; Ileum

A

○ Last 2/5 of the small intestine
○ Still some folds, but also contains immune function
Remember the MALT stuff

54
Q

Small Intestine Histology

A

mucosahassimple columnar epithelium w/ goblet cells

    • small intestine containscircular folds (plicae circulares):
  • folds of mucosa and submocosa
55
Q

Small Intestine Functions

A

1) increase surface area of small intestine through which nutrients can be absorbed
2) slow the chyme down and allow it to mix with intestinal juices, allowing time for full nutrient absorption (“Act as speed bumps”)
- - on circular folds arevilli

56
Q

Small Intestine Function (2)

A

help increase surface area (along with the microvillous border on the mucosa), and provide a greater distance for materials to be ingested and absorbed
* in center of each villus are blood vessels and alacteal
Lacteal is something that absorbs dietary fat.

57
Q

Large Intestine Function

A
  1. Absorption of water and electrolytes

2. Storage of undigested material (feces) until it can be expelled from the body

58
Q

Large Intestine Segments

A

1Cecum: connects to ileum
* lower right part of abdomen
*vermiform appendix (Looks like a little worm on the donor)
2)ascending colon: right side of body
3)transverse colon: runs from the right to left side of body
4)descending colon: left side of body
5)sigmoid colon: in pelvic cavity, S-shaped
6)rectum and anal canal: terminal portion of large intestine

59
Q

Large Intestine Histology

A
  • -mucosahassimple columnar epithelium w/ goblet cells
  • -muscularis: 2 layers of smooth muscle
  • outer longitudinal layerconsists ofteniae coli
  • *haustra
60
Q

Liver Function

A

1) produces and secretes bile (an agent that helps with fat/lipid digestion)
2) it processes the products of digestion (including ingested alcohol and drugs)

61
Q

Liver Anatomy

A
    • right
    • left
    • quadrate (Next to Gallblader)
    • caudate (Next To Vena Cava)
62
Q

Liver Histology

A

– central vein
– Portal triad: (Three things at every corner)
o Branch of hepatic portal vein (Has bigger opening in middle)
o Branch of hepatic artery (Has thicker walls)
o Branch of bile duct (Has a cuboidal epithelium)

63
Q

Liver Blood Flow

A

Goes from Triad to Central Vein, brining blood high in oxygen, Artery
Vein is bringing nutrients

64
Q

Liver Bile Production

A

Bile goes toward the Triad

65
Q

Gallbladder

A
    • underneath liver

- -function:it stores bile secreted by liver

66
Q

Pancreas

A

– behind stomach
–Acinar Cells
* secretepancreatic juice (Bases and Enzymes)
* pancreatic juice leaves via apancreatic duct

67
Q

Biliary Apparatus

A

a network of “tubes” that transport bile and pancreatic juices TO theduodenum!

68
Q

Common Hepatic Duct Formation

A

rightandleft hepatic ducts(from liver) unite

69
Q

What has a cystic duct

A

Gallbladder

70
Q

What forms common bile duct?

A

Cystic duct and common hepatic duct, connects with pancreatic duct

71
Q

Next step of common bile duct

A

common bile duct opens into duodenum at the duodenal papilla
* here, bile and pancreatic juices are secreted!

72
Q

Arterial Supply to Abdominal GI Tract

A

from branches of:

1) celiac trunk(Stomach and something else)
2) superior mesenteric artery(GI Tract)
3) inferior mesenteric artery(Large Intenstine)

73
Q

Venous Drainage in Abdominal GI Tract (1)

A
  • -hepatic portal system: veins that drain blood from GI tract directly TO liver
    • 4 main veins:
      1. Superior Mesenteric vein
      2. Splenic vein
      3. Inferior Mesenteric vein
      4. Hepatic Portal Vein - receives blood from 1,2, and 3, and goes directly to the liver
74
Q

Venous Drainage in Abdominal GI Tract (2)

A
    • blood from hepatic portal vein is processed by the liver cells (hepatocytes)
    • once processed, blood leaves theliver via hepatic veins and into the inferior vena cava

ANAT-A 215 Exam 4 (11 decks)

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