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ANAT-A 215 Exam 4 > Reproductive System; Female > Flashcards

Reproductive System; Female Flashcards

1
Q

Male and Female Organs consist of

A

Gonads

Accessory Reproductive Organs

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2
Q

Gonads

A

(primary sex organs):testesin the male,ovariesin the female

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3
Q

Accessory Reproductive Organs

A

uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, external

genitalia, and mammary glands

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4
Q

Accessory Reproductive Organs (2)

A

– at puberty: anterior pituitary releasesFSH(follicle stimulating hormone) andLH(Luteinizing hormone)
– be familiar with male vs. female reproductive homologues (similar organs)

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5
Q

Ovary Functions

A

1) to produce oocytes (eggs) - (the female gametes)

2) to produce female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

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6
Q

Ovary External Anatomy

A
    • each is oval shaped

- -within pelvic cavity

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7
Q

Ovary Internal Anatomy

A

– has an outercortexand an innermedulla

    • Medulla contains blood vessels
    • Cortex contains ovarian follicles
  • -ovarian folliclesconsist of anoocyte plus follicle (or granulosa) cells that surround the oocyte
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8
Q

Ovary Follicles - Primordial Follicle

A

primaryoocyte surrounded by a single layerofflattened (squamos) follicle cells

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9
Q

Ovary Follicles - Primary Follicle

A 
primary oocyte surrounded by one or more layers of
cuboidal follicle (granulosa) cells
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10
Q

Ovary Follicles - Secondary Follicle

A

primaryoocyte + follicle (granulosa) cells +antrum (fluid-filled space)

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11
Q

Ovary Follicles - Vesicular Follicle

A

secondary oocyte + follicle(granulosa) cells + very LARGE antrum

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12
Q

Ovulation

A

process where a secondary oocyte is expelled from the ovary

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13
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

the ruptured follicle that underwent ovulation

* yellowish

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14
Q

Corpus Luteum Function

A

To secrete estrogen and progesterone (which helps the functional layer of the uterus to develop)

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15
Q

Corpus Albicans

A

Degenerated Corpus Luteum, White CT Scar

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16
Q

Oogenesis; Before Birth; Ovary..

A

ovary/containsoogonia(oocyte “stem cells” or ‘parent cells’)
** oogonia contain 23 pairs of chromosomes

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17
Q

Oogenesis; Before Birth; Primary Oocytes..

A

are oogonia that start the process of Meiosis!!

** meiosis

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18
Q

Oogenesis; Before Birth; So before birth..

A

the ovary will contain primarilyprimordial follicles

(whichhaveprimary oocytesin them!)

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19
Q

Oogenesis; During Childhood

A

ovary inactive(They just hangout for 10 years before the hormones are kicked in)

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20
Q

Oogenesis; At Puberty

A

anterior pituitary secretes FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)and LH (luteinizing hormone): stimulates follicle to continue (re-developing) again

21
Q

Oogenesis; At Puberty; Each month..

A

each month from puberty to menopause (when ovulation/menses cease entirely):

  • about 20 primordial follicles develop intoprimary follicles
  • some primary follicles degenerate, while others becomesecondary follicles
22
Q

Oogenesis; At Puberty; One secondary follicle..

A

one secondary follicle becomes “dominant” and matures into avesicular follicle(95% of them did not make it to this stage)

  • in thevesicular follicle, the primary oocyte completes Meiosis I,but gets (re-)stopped at Metaphase II
    • at this point, you now have asecondary oocyte!
23
Q

Oogenesis; At Puberty; LH Levels

A

a peak in LH levels at about day 14(of a 28-day ovarian cycle) will induceovulation
** the structure expelled is asecondary oocyte
** this oocyte is still suspended at metaphase II - it will not complete
meiosis UNLESS it is fertilized by a sperm (This is the only time that it will ever be able to complete Meiosis.)

24
Q

Oogenesis; At Puberty; After Ovulation

A

after ovulation, FSH and LH levels decline
** ruptured ovarian follicle becomes acorpus luteum
** corpus luteum eventually becomes acorpus albicans

25
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes

A

paired tubes that attach to the uterus
– each uterine tube is close to (but not attached to) the ovary!
– at the ends of each tube are fimbriae

26
Q

Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes Functions

A

1) to “pick up” secondary oocyte and transport it to uterus

2) site for fertilization(Where egg and sperm meet) of the secondary oocyte!

27
Q

Uterus

A

site for implantation and development of the fertilized oocyte (soon to become an embryo and a fetus)
* when a fertilized oocyte doesn’t implant, it is the site of menstruation (shedding of part of the uterine wall)

28
Q

Uterus Gross Anatomy

A

single, pear-shaped organ, in pelvic cavity

  • -cervix: the inferior, constricted part of the uterus
  • projects (sticks out) into the vagina
29
Q

Uterus Microscopic Anatomy Components

A

Perimtrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

30
Q

Uterus Microscopic Anatomy; Perimetrium

A

outermost layer

* visceral peritoneum + areolar CT

31
Q

Uterus Microscopic Anatomy; Myometrium

A

middle layer

  • THICKEST layer
  • 3 layers of smooth muscle (Muscle for contraction at child birth)
32
Q

Uterus Microscopic Anatomy; Endometrium

A

innermost layer

  • highly vascular
  • columnar epithelium and CT
  • fertilized oocyte implants here
  • it is subdivided into 2 sublayers:
33
Q

Uterus Microscopic Anatomy; 2 Sublayers of Endometrium

A

Basal Layer

Functional Layer

34
Q

Basal Layer

A

he deeper layer immediately adjacent tothe myometrium (Bae..sal layer: Never Leaves)
* this is a permanent layer

35
Q

Functional Layer

A
  • it will grow and develop during the ovarian cycle
  • if a fertilized oocyte doesn’t implant, this layer is shed duringmenstruation (Due to dropping progesterone levels, and still controlled by hormones)
36
Q

Vagina

A

– muscular tube that opens to the outside

– lies behind bladder and in front of rectum

37
Q

Vagina Functions

A

1) it is the copulatory organ of the female

2) it is a passageway for menstruation and/or a baby to leave the body!

38
Q

External Genitalia Components

A

Mons Pubis
Labia Majora
Labia Minora

39
Q

Mons Pubis

A

fatty, rounded area -covered with pubic hair

40
Q

Labia Majora

A

two elongated, skinfolds between legs - covered with pubic hair*Some fat
* homologous to: male scrotum (Same/Same … but different)

41
Q

Labia Minora

A

thin, hairless skin folds (No fat)

* between the labia minora are: Four Components

42
Q

Components of Labia Minora

A

Urethral Orifice (Opening)
Vaginal Orifice (Opening)
Openings for the greater vestibular glands
Clitoris

43
Q

Openings For The Greater Vestibular Glands

A
  • homologous to: Bulbourethral Gland

* function: secrete mucus as a lubricant

44
Q

Clitoris

A
  • homologous to: Male Penis
  • contains two columns of erectile tissue (corpora cavernosa) (Where Labia Minora Meet)
    (3rd erectile tissue surrounds opening of vagina)
45
Q

Mammary Glands; Apocrine Glands

A

Pinch off part of cell and is secreted (Smelly glands)

46
Q

Mammary Gland

A

each mammary gland has glandular tissue,adipose tissue, and ligaments to
connect it to thoracic wall

47
Q

Mammary Gland Function

A

to produce milk for a baby

*lactation= breast milk production

48
Q

Mammary Gland; Prolactin

A

Stimulates milk production

49
Q

Mammary Gland; Oxytocin

A

Expels breastmilk in response to a stimulus (stimulus such as sucking/crying)

ANAT-A 215 Exam 4 (11 decks)

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