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ANAT-A 215 Exam 4 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine Gland

A

Secretes hormones into the bloodstream

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2
Q

Hormone

A

Chemical messenger that regulates activity of other body cells
Slow messenger
REquires blood supply to carry the hormone

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3
Q

Why is it better to send information through hormones?

A

System is slower, but it also has longer lasting effects

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4
Q

Hormone levels…

A

are constantly adjusted by feedback loops

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5
Q

Negative Feedback Loop

A

a stimulus causes an endocrine organ to release hormones
the hormone helps bring the body back to homeostasis
* once homestasis is achieved, the hormone release stops

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6
Q

Endocrine System

A

all endocrine glands in the body

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7
Q

Endocrine system overseen by…

A

hypothalamus

the hypothalamus exerts its control over the endocrine system in 3 ways

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8
Q

Hypothalamus and Endocrine system (1)

A

Produces “releasing” hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary (middle management) (Sends the stuff out to other organs of the body)

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9
Q

Hypothalamus and Endocrine system (2)

A

Produces hormones that are stored in posterior pituitary gland

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10
Q

Hypothalamus and Endocrine system (3)

A

Oversees Autonomic Nervous System

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11
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

connected to hypothalamus via theinfundibulum

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12
Q

Posterior Pituitary

A
  • axons from hypothalamus cells

* stores two hormones produced by hypothalamus:

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13
Q

Posterior Pituitary - Oxytocin

A

• Target: Reproductive Organs
• Function: Stimulate smooth muscle contraction in repro (especially in the uterus)
• Function: Stimulates breastmilk RELEASE

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14
Q

Posterior Pituitary - Antidiuretic Hormone

A

This makes you not pee as much
• Target: kidneys (and blood vessels)
• Function: Inhibits urine formation/production

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15
Q

Anterior Pituitary - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

A

• Target: Thyroid Gland

• Function: stimulates thyroid to produce/release its own hormones

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16
Q

Anterior Pituitary - Prolactin (PRL)

A
  • Target: Mammary glands

* Function: Stimulates breastmilk production

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17
Q

Anterior Pituitary - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A
  • Target: Adrenal Cortex

* Function: stimulates adrenal cortex to release its hormones

18
Q

Anterior Pituitary - Growth Hormone (GH)

A
  • Target: most body cells, but especially bone & skeletal muscle
  • Function: Stimulates Growth (Especially of bone and muscle)
19
Q

Anterior Pituitary - Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A

• Target: Ovaries/Testes

20
Q

Anterior Pituitary - Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A

• Target: Ovaries/Testes

21
Q

ADH is produced by the __ and stored in the __.

A

Hypothalamus, Posterior Pituitary

22
Q

Name the hormone that if secreted in large quantities by the pituitary in a child will produce rapid growth including bones. If left untreated, person may become abnormally tall.

A

Growth Hormone

23
Q

Thyroid Gland Location

A

anterior to trachea and inferior to larynx

24
Q

Thyroid Hormone (TH)

A

stimulated by TSH (Thyroid Stimulated Hormone)

  • produced by follicle cells
  • Target: virtually all cells of the body
  • Function: Increase metabolism (& thus, heat production) (Which will then cause someone to normally burn through calories)
25
Q

In a healthy person, as thyroid hormone levels increase, TSH secretion will ____

A

Decrease

26
Q

Thyroid Gland - Calcitonin

A

stimulated by high calcium levels in blood

* produced by parafollicular cells (Produce Calcitonin)

27
Q

Thyroid Gland - Calcitonin Target

A

bone – encourages deposition of calcium from bloodstream into bone tissue
* so it lowers blood calcium levels (By encouraging osteoblasts; which are things that build bone)

28
Q

Parathyroid Gland

A

4 tiny oval masses on posterior thyroid

29
Q

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A

stimulated by low levels of calcium in blood

30
Q

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Target

A

bone – encourages uptake of calcium into bloodstream from bone
* so it raises blood calcium levels

31
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

releasescorticosteroids in response to ACTH

32
Q

Adrenal Cortex (1)

A

one group of these steroids: controls balance of sodium (Na+) and potassium
(K+) ions in body fluids

33
Q

Adrenal Cortex (2)

A

another (2nd) group of steroids stimulates metabolism of glucose

34
Q

Adrenal Cortex (3)

A

another (3rd) group of these steroids: secretes small amounts of androgens (male sexhormones)
* in females, some androgens are converted to estrogen

35
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A
  • stimulated by sympathetic nervous system (In charge of Fight or Flight)
    secretesepinephrine(adrenaline) andnorepinephrine(noradrenalin)
36
Q

Pancreas

A

has bothexocrine andendocrine functions

* exocrine functions were discussed w/digestive system

37
Q

Pancreatic islets

A

produce hormones

38
Q

Pancreas - Insulin

A

lowers blood sugar (glucose) levels
* enhances cells to pick up glucose
* helps convert some glucose into glycogen (a carbohydrate)

39
Q

Pancreas - glucagon

A

raises blood sugar levels

* breaks down glycogen into glucose

40
Q

Gonads (Ovaries and Testes)

A

ovaries produceestrogenandprogesteroe
– testes produce androgens (especiallytestosterone)
– will discuss in reproductive system lectures

ANAT-A 215 Exam 4 (11 decks)

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