REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (Female Reproductive System)

Question 1

Functions
1. Production and transport of ovum
2. Production of hormones
* Estrogen
* Progesterone
* Relaxin
* Inhibin
3. Nurture the developing zygote

Answer 1

Female Reproductive System

Question 2

• Diamond shape
• Contains genitalia and anus

Boundaries
a. Anterior – pubic symphysis
b. Lateral – ischial tuberosities
c. Posterior – coccyx

Answer 2

Perineum

Question 3

• Sex organ is located

Answer 3

External genitalia

Question 4

• Mound, fats beneath and symphysis pubis
• Puberty, pubic

Answer 4

Mons pubis

Question 5

• Skin fold with hair
• Pudendal cleft – space in between labia majora

Answer 5

Labia majora

Question 5

• Skin fold, hairless
• Few swear gland, many sebaceous gland
• Vestibule – space between labia minora
  a. Clitoris
  b. Urethral orifice
  c. Paraurethral glands (skene’s gland)
  d. Bartholin’s (greater vestibular gland)

Answer 5

Labia Minora

Question 6

o Frenulum and prepuce
o Small cylindrical mass
o Abundant nerve endings
o Corpora cavernosa- clitoral erection
o Homologue to male glans penis

Answer 6

Clitoris

Question 7

o Secretes mucus
o Homologue to prostate
o vaginal orifice – guarded with hymen

Answer 7

Paraurethral glands (skene’s gland)

Question 8

• fibromuscular canal
• lined by mucous membrane
• rugae
• hymen
• acidic
• fornices

Functions of ___________
1. Copulation
o Receives the penis during sexual
intercourse
2. Birth canal
3. Outlet of menstrual flow

Answer 8

Vagina

Question 8

• Above attachment of fallopian tube

(Uterus Parts)

Answer 8

Fundus

Question 9

• From attachment of fundus to isthmus uteri

(Uterus Parts)

Answer 9

Body

Question 9

Layers of the Uterus

Answer 9

1. Perimetrium
2. Myometrium
3. Endometrium

Question 9

• Distal with canal
• Surrounded by proximal part of vaginal canal

(Uterus Parts)

Answer 9

Cervix

Question 10

• outer covering
• derived from peritoneum
• forms the uterovesical and rectouterine pouch

Answer 10

Perimetrium

Question 11

• Middle layer
• Smooth muscles
• Thickest at the fundus and thinnest at the cervix
• Response to oxytocin stimulation during labor and delivery

Answer 11

Myometrium

Question 12

 does not slough off during menstruation gives rise to new stratum functionalis

Answer 12

Stratum basalis

Question 12

 slough off during menstruation

Answer 12

Stratum functionalis

Question 12

Parts
1. Infundibulum
* With fimbria
2. Ampulla
* Most dilated
* Site of fertilization
* Longest, lat 2/3
3. Isthmus
* Narrowest
4. Intramural/ interstitial
* Buried into uterus

Functions of _____________
* Provide route for sperm to reach the ovum
* Transport oocyte from ovary to fallopian tube during ovulation
* Site of oocyte digestion if no fertilization
* Transport fertilized ovum to be implanted in the endometrium of the uterus

Answer 12

Fallopian Tube

Question 12

• Innermost
• Contains endometrial glands
• Response to estrogen and progesterone that prepares the uterus for possible implantation
• Layers
  o Stratum functionalis
  o Stratum basalis

Answer 12

Endometrium

Question 13

1. Broad ligament
   
   • Derived from peritoneum
2. Round ligament of the uterus
3. Uterosacral ligament
4. Cardinal ligament

Answer 13

Ligaments support of the Uterus

Question 14

• Almond shape
• located lateral to the uterus
• produces oocyte
• mesovarium
• ovarian ligament
• infundibulopelvic ligament

Hormones secreted by the ovary
1. Progesterone and Estrogen
* prepares the uterine glands and
maintains the endometrium for
implantation
* Prepares the mammary for milk
production
* inhibits FSH and LH if high
2. Inhibin
* Secreted by granulosa cell and inhibits
FSH secretion
3. Relaxin
* relaxes the uterus during implantation and
pregnancy
* help dilates the cervix

Answer 14

Ovary

Question 15

• involves maturation of oocyte

Answer 15

Ovarian Cycle

Question 16

• Changes in the endometrium

Answer 16

Uterine cycle

Question 17

• Controlled by GnRH from hypothalamus that causes the release of FSH and LH

Answer 17

Hormonal regulation

Question 18

o stimulate growth of follicle and secretion of estrogen

Answer 18

Follicle stimulating Hormone

Question 19

o stimulate further development of follicle, ovulation, corpus luteum production of progesterone

Answer 19

Luteinizing hormone

Question 20

o maintenance of female repro, secondary characteristics and breast development.

Answer 20

Estrogen

Question 21

o Secreted by corpus luteum o Acts synergistically with estrogen o Prepares the endometrium for implantation and mammary gland for milk production

Answer 21

Progesterone

Question 22

* Last for 3-5 days * 1st day of menstruation is 1st day of cycle * 50-150ml of menstrual flow * decreased estrogen and progesterone level in the blood causes ischemia of functionalis leading to menstruation

Answer 22

Menstrual phase

Question 23

* Between menstruation and ovulation * More variable length * Dominant follicle is selected to mature * Estrogen and inhibin secreted by dominant follicle and stop FSH secretion to prevent other follicle to grow * Repair of endometrium * Cells of basalis form new functionalis Ovulati

Answer 23

Preovulatory Phase (Proliferative)

Question 24

* Release of secondary oocyte into the fallopian tube * Usually during 14th day of a 28th day cycle * Follicles retained from mature graafian lead to minor bleeding called corpus hemorrhagicum and later transforms into corpus luteum

Answer 24

Ovulation

Question 25

* Constant phase last for 14 days in a 28 days cycle * After ovulation LH stimulated remnants of mature graafian follicle to develop into corpus luteum * Corpus luteum secretes progesterone and some estrogen * Ovary if oocyte is fertilized corpus luteum can persist up to 2 weeks due to Human Chorionic Gonadotropin produced by placenta * If not fertilized corpus luteum degenerates in 10 to 12 days’ time forming corpus albicans * Endometrium thickens and edema formation for preparation of implantation

Answer 25

Post Ovulatory Phase