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OB Exam 1 > Reproductive System Concerns > Flashcards

Reproductive System Concerns Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Amenorrhea

period never started, adolescent

A
  • Anatomic
  • Endocrine
  • Chronic disease
  • Eating disorders
  • Medications
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2
Q

Secondary Amenorrhea

period has just stopped

A
  • # 1 most often as a result of pregnancy
  • PCOS
  • A clinical sign of a variety of disorders
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3
Q

Hypogonadontropic Amenorrhea

A
  • Problem in central hypothalamic-pituitary axis
  • Results from hypothalamic suppression
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4
Q

Management of Amenorrhea

A
  • Counseling & education regarding stress, exercise, & weight loss
  • Calcium, vitamin D
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5
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Pain during or shortly before menstruation

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6
Q

Primary Dysmenorrhea

A
  • Biochemical basis
  • Arises from the release of prostaglandins
  • Abnormally incrd uterine activity
  • Alleviating discomfort:
    > medications, NSAIDS
    > heat
    > birth control
    > alternative modalities
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7
Q

Secondary Dysmenorrhea

define
dx
tx

A
  • Acquired menstrual pain associated w/ pelvic pathology
  • Diagnosis:
    > pelvic examination
    > ultrasound examination, dilation and curettage, endometrial biopsy, laparoscopy
  • Treatment:
    > directed to removal of underlying pathology
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8
Q

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

what phase?
what symps?

A
  • Cyclic symtpoms occuring in luteal phase of menstrual cycle
  • Cluster of physical, psychologic, and behavorial symptoms
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9
Q

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

A
  • Cyclic symptoms occuring in the last 7-10 days of the menstrual cycle
  • Severe variant of PMS w/ emphasis on mood affectation
    > SI, homicide, hallucination
  • Affects 3-8% of women
  • DSM-5 diagnosis
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10
Q

PMDD Treatment

A
  • SSRIs: Prozac 7-10 days before period
  • Counseling
  • Hypnosis
  • Acupuncture
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11
Q

Endometriosis

define
symps
tx

A
  • Presence & growth of endometrial tissue outside of uterus
  • Symptoms:
    > dysmenorrhea
    > deep pelvic dyspareunia (painful intercourse)
  • Treatment:
    > drug therapy (Lupron)
    > surgical intervention (Laparoscopy)
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12
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

Infrequent menstruation

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13
Q

Hypomenorrhea

A

Scant

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14
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Excessive menstruation

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15
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

Bleeding btwn peroids

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16
Q

STIs Prevention Strategies

A
  • Safe sex practices
    > knowledge of partner, reducing partners
    > low-risk sex
    > condom use
    > vaccination
17
Q

Chlamydia

A
  • Most frequent reported STI
  • Infections often silent and highly destructive
  • Difficult to diagnose
  • Screening & Diagnosis:
    > screening of asymptomatic & pregnant women
    > comparisons of diagnostic procedures
  • Managment:
    > drug therapy
18
Q

Gonorrhea - Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A
  • Oldest communicable disease
  • Aerobic and gram-neg diplococci
  • Screening & Diagnosis:
    > women are often asymptomatic
  • Management:
    > treatment w/ antibiotic therapy
    > drug-resistant strains on the rise
19
Q

Syphilis - Treponema pallidum

transmission
pregnancy risk

A
  • Transmission by entry in subcutaneous tissue through microscopic abrasions
  • Transplacental transmission may occur at any time during pregnancy
20
Q

Syphilis - Treponema pallidum

manis
screening & dx
tx

A
  • Infection manifests itself in distinct stages
    > Primary: 5-90 days
    > Secondary: 6wks-6mths
  • Screening & Diagnosis
    > pregnant women
    > serologic tests
    > false positives
  • Management:
    > penicillin
    > sexual abstinence during treatment
21
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

A
  • Results from ascending spread of microorganisms from vagina and endocervix to upper genital tract
    > caused by multiple organisms
    > most commonly involves: uterine tubes (salpingitis) & uterus (endometriosis)
  • At incrd risk for:
    > ectopic pregnancy
    > infertility
    > chronic pelvic pain
22
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

screening & dx
management

A
  • Screening & Diagnosis
    > hx
    > CDC routine criteria
  • Management:
    > prevention
    > oral or parenteral therapy
    > bedrest
    > education
23
Q

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

screening & dx
management
symps

A
  • Screening & Diagnosis
    > hx of known exposure
    > physical inspection
    > pap smear
  • Management:
    > no therapy has been shown to eradicate
    > meds for discomfort
    > counseling & education
  • Symptoms:
    > irritating vaginal discharge w/ itching
    > dyspareunia, postcoital bleeding
24
Q

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

A
  • Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) nonsexual
  • Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) sexual
  • Painful
  • Suppression therapy
25
Q

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

A
  • Threatening to fetus
  • Disease of liver; often a silent infection
  • Transmitted parenterally, perinatally, orally (rarely), and through intimate contact
  • Vaccination series
26
Q

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

A
  • Most common blood-borne infection in US
  • Risk factor for pregnant women is hx of injecting intravenous drugs
  • No vaccine; treatment series
27
Q

Human Immunodeficiencu Virus (HIV)

A
  • Heterosexual transmission now most common means of transmission in women
  • Severe depression of cellular immune system associated w/ HIV infection characterizes AIDS
  • Symptoms: fever, headache, night sweats, malaise, generalized lymphadenopathy, myalgias, nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, sore throat, rash
28
Q

Counseling for HIV Testing

A
  • HIV testing offered early in pregnancy
  • Rapid testing preferred method
  • Perinatal transmission has dcrd
  • Nurses must consider confidentiality & documentation
29
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis

A
  • # 1 most common symptomatic vaginitis
  • Fishy odor
  • Preterm birth
30
Q

Candidiasis - Candida albicans

A
  • Common symps:
    > vaginal pruritus
    > cheese-curd discharge
  • Screening & Diagnosis:
    > physical examination
    > vaginal pH
  • Management:
    > OTC agents
31
Q

Trichomoniasis - Trichomonas vaginalis

A
  • STIs
  • Common cause of vaginal infection
  • Screening & Diagnosis
    > specular examination
    > pap smear
  • Management:
    > sexual transmission must be communicated to infected partner
  • Symptoms:
    > frothy, malodorous vaginal discharge

OB Exam 1 (9 decks)

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