Reproductive System Concerns Flashcards
1
Q
Primary Amenorrhea
period never started, adolescent
A
- Anatomic
- Endocrine
- Chronic disease
- Eating disorders
- Medications
2
Q
Secondary Amenorrhea
period has just stopped
A
- # 1 most often as a result of pregnancy
- PCOS
- A clinical sign of a variety of disorders
3
Q
Hypogonadontropic Amenorrhea
A
- Problem in central hypothalamic-pituitary axis
- Results from hypothalamic suppression
4
Q
Management of Amenorrhea
A
- Counseling & education regarding stress, exercise, & weight loss
- Calcium, vitamin D
5
Q
Dysmenorrhea
A
Pain during or shortly before menstruation
6
Q
Primary Dysmenorrhea
A
- Biochemical basis
- Arises from the release of prostaglandins
- Abnormally incrd uterine activity
- Alleviating discomfort:
> medications, NSAIDS
> heat
> birth control
> alternative modalities
7
Q
Secondary Dysmenorrhea
define
dx
tx
A
- Acquired menstrual pain associated w/ pelvic pathology
- Diagnosis:
> pelvic examination
> ultrasound examination, dilation and curettage, endometrial biopsy, laparoscopy - Treatment:
> directed to removal of underlying pathology
8
Q
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
what phase?
what symps?
A
- Cyclic symtpoms occuring in luteal phase of menstrual cycle
- Cluster of physical, psychologic, and behavorial symptoms
9
Q
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
A
- Cyclic symptoms occuring in the last 7-10 days of the menstrual cycle
- Severe variant of PMS w/ emphasis on mood affectation
> SI, homicide, hallucination - Affects 3-8% of women
- DSM-5 diagnosis
10
Q
PMDD Treatment
A
- SSRIs: Prozac 7-10 days before period
- Counseling
- Hypnosis
- Acupuncture
11
Q
Endometriosis
define
symps
tx
A
- Presence & growth of endometrial tissue outside of uterus
- Symptoms:
> dysmenorrhea
> deep pelvic dyspareunia (painful intercourse) - Treatment:
> drug therapy (Lupron)
> surgical intervention (Laparoscopy)
12
Q
Oligomenorrhea
A
Infrequent menstruation
13
Q
Hypomenorrhea
A
Scant
14
Q
Menorrhagia
A
Excessive menstruation
15
Q
Metrorrhagia
A
Bleeding btwn peroids
16
Q
STIs Prevention Strategies
A
- Safe sex practices
> knowledge of partner, reducing partners
> low-risk sex
> condom use
> vaccination
17
Q
Chlamydia
A
- Most frequent reported STI
- Infections often silent and highly destructive
- Difficult to diagnose
- Screening & Diagnosis:
> screening of asymptomatic & pregnant women
> comparisons of diagnostic procedures - Managment:
> drug therapy
18
Q
Gonorrhea - Neisseria gonorrhoeae
A
- Oldest communicable disease
- Aerobic and gram-neg diplococci
- Screening & Diagnosis:
> women are often asymptomatic - Management:
> treatment w/ antibiotic therapy
> drug-resistant strains on the rise
19
Q
Syphilis - Treponema pallidum
transmission
pregnancy risk
A
- Transmission by entry in subcutaneous tissue through microscopic abrasions
- Transplacental transmission may occur at any time during pregnancy
20
Q
Syphilis - Treponema pallidum
manis
screening & dx
tx
A
- Infection manifests itself in distinct stages
> Primary: 5-90 days
> Secondary: 6wks-6mths - Screening & Diagnosis
> pregnant women
> serologic tests
> false positives - Management:
> penicillin
> sexual abstinence during treatment
21
Q
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
A
- Results from ascending spread of microorganisms from vagina and endocervix to upper genital tract
> caused by multiple organisms
> most commonly involves: uterine tubes (salpingitis) & uterus (endometriosis) - At incrd risk for:
> ectopic pregnancy
> infertility
> chronic pelvic pain
22
Q
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
screening & dx
management
A
- Screening & Diagnosis
> hx
> CDC routine criteria - Management:
> prevention
> oral or parenteral therapy
> bedrest
> education
23
Q
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
screening & dx
management
symps
A
- Screening & Diagnosis
> hx of known exposure
> physical inspection
> pap smear - Management:
> no therapy has been shown to eradicate
> meds for discomfort
> counseling & education - Symptoms:
> irritating vaginal discharge w/ itching
> dyspareunia, postcoital bleeding
24
Q
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
A
- Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) nonsexual
- Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) sexual
- Painful
- Suppression therapy
25
Q
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
A
- Threatening to fetus
- Disease of liver; often a silent infection
- Transmitted parenterally, perinatally, orally (rarely), and through intimate contact
- Vaccination series
26
Q
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
A
- Most common blood-borne infection in US
- Risk factor for pregnant women is hx of injecting intravenous drugs
- No vaccine; treatment series
27
Q
Human Immunodeficiencu Virus (HIV)
A
- Heterosexual transmission now most common means of transmission in women
- Severe depression of cellular immune system associated w/ HIV infection characterizes AIDS
- Symptoms: fever, headache, night sweats, malaise, generalized lymphadenopathy, myalgias, nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, sore throat, rash
28
Q
Counseling for HIV Testing
A
- HIV testing offered early in pregnancy
- Rapid testing preferred method
- Perinatal transmission has dcrd
- Nurses must consider confidentiality & documentation
29
Q
Bacterial Vaginosis
A
- # 1 most common symptomatic vaginitis
- Fishy odor
- Preterm birth
30
Q
Candidiasis - Candida albicans
A
- Common symps:
> vaginal pruritus
> cheese-curd discharge - Screening & Diagnosis:
> physical examination
> vaginal pH - Management:
> OTC agents
31
Q
Trichomoniasis - Trichomonas vaginalis
A
- STIs
- Common cause of vaginal infection
- Screening & Diagnosis
> specular examination
> pap smear - Management:
> sexual transmission must be communicated to infected partner - Symptoms:
> frothy, malodorous vaginal discharge
