Maternal & Fetal Nutrition

Question 1

Key Components of Nutrition Care

think ADPIE

Answer 1

• Nutrition assessment
• Diagnosis of nutritional related problems or risk factors
• Intervention based on an individual’s dietary goals & plan for appropriate weight gain
• Evaluation w/ referral to a nutritionist or dietitian as necessary

Question 2

Nutrient Needs before Conception

Answer 2

• 1st tri crucial for embryonic & fetal organ development
• Healthful diet before conception ensures tht adequate nutrients are available for developing fetus
• Folate or folic acid intake important in preconceptual period
  > neural tube defects are more common in infants of women w/ poor folic acid intake

Question 3

Nutrient Needs During Pregnancy

factors tht contribute to incr in nutrient needs

Answer 3

• Factors tht contribute to incr in nutrient needs:
  > the uterine-placental-fetal unit
  > maternal blood volume & constituents
  > maternal mammary development
  > metabolic needs

Question 4

Nutrient Needs During Pregnancy

energy, etc

Answer 4

• Energy needs
  > weight gain
  > body mass index (BMI) = weight/height2
  > pattern of weight gain
  > hazards of restricting adequate weight gain
  > excessive weight gain
• Protein
• Fluids

Question 5

Nutrient Needs During Pregnancy

minerals & vitamins

Answer 5

• Iron
• Calcium
• Fat-soluble vitamins
  > A, D, E, K
• Water-soluble vitamins
  > folate or folic acid
  > pyridoxine
  > vit C
  > vit B12

Question 6

Other Minerals & Electrolytes

Answer 6

• Magnesium
• Sodium
• Potassium
• Zinc
• Fluoride

Question 7

Adolescent Nutrient Needs During Pregnancy

Answer 7

• Improved nutritional health of pregnant adolescents by focusing on knowledge & planning of meals
• Nutrition interventions & educational programs effective w/ adolescents
• Understanding factors tht create barriers to change in adolescent population
• Promote access to prenatal care

Question 8

Physical Activity During Pregnancy

Answer 8

• Moderate exercise yields many benefits, including improving muscle tone, shortening course of labor, and sense of well-being
• Liberal amnts of fluid should be consumed before, during, & after exercise
• Calorie intake sufficient to meet incrd needs of pregnancy & exercise

Question 9

Nutrient Needs During Lactation

Answer 9

• Nutrition needs during lactation similar to those during pregnancy
• Needs for energy (calories), protein, calcium, iodine, zinc, vit B, vit C remain greater than nonpregnant
• Energy intake incr of 400-500kcal
• Incrd maternal weight loss during lactation
• Smoking, alcohol intake, & excessive caffeine intake should be avoided

Question 10

Nutrition Care Management

Answer 10

• Assessment
  > obstetric & gynecologic effects on nutrition
  > health hx
  > usual maternal diet
• Physical Examination
  > anthropometric measurements
• Lab Testing
• Nutrition care & teaching
• Coping w/ nutrition-related discomforts of pregnancy
  > N/V
  > constipation
  > pyrosis (heartburn)
  > cultural influences
  > vegetarian diets