Infertility, Contraception, Abortion Flashcards
1
Q
Infertility
diagnosis
goals
A
- Diagnosis after 1yr of unprotected intercourse when woman is <35yrs or after 6mths of unprotected intercourse when woman is >35yrs
- 4 goals when providing care:
> provide couple w/ accurate info
> assist in identifying the cause
> provide emotional support
> guide & educate abt forms of treatment
2
Q
Factors Associated with Female Infertility
A
- 40% of infertility issues caused by female-specific issues
- Assessment of female infertility
> ovarian factors
> tubal & peritoneal factors
> uterine factors
> vaginal-cervical factors
3
Q
Assessment of Female Infertility
A
- Test or examination
> evaluation of anatomy
> detection of ovulation
> hormone analysis: a common evaluation of ovarian reserve is measurement of the FSH lvls on 3rd day of peroid
> ultrasonography
> endometrial biopsy
> hysterosalpingography
> laparoscopy
4
Q
Assessment of Male Infertility
A
- Hormonal factors
- Testicular factors
- Factors associated w/ sperm transport
- Idiopathic male infertility
- 40% infertility attributed to male facotrs
5
Q
Care Management of Male Fertility
A
- Assessment of male infertility
> semen analysis: basic test of male fertility
> hormone analysis
> scrotal ultrasound: transrectal U/S evaluates ejaculatory ducts, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles
6
Q
Plan of Care and Implementation of Infertility
A
- Psychosocial considerations
> major life stressor
> exhibit greiving behaviors - Nonmedical treatments
> herbal alternative methods - Medical therapy
- Surgical therapies
> assisted reproductive therapies (ART) - Fertility treatments are more successful in producing a live birth for women <35yrs
7
Q
Reproductive Alternatives
A
- Surogacy
- Adoption
- Cryopreservation of human embryos
- Moral and ethical dilemmas may exist for ARTs
> preimplantation genetic diagnosis
8
Q
Contraception
A
- Intentional prevention of pregnancy
- Birth control is the device or practice to dcr the risk of conceiving
- Family planning is the conscious decision on when to conceive or avoid pregnancy
- May still be at risk for pregnancy
- Nearly half of all US pregnancies are unplanned
9
Q
Coitus Interruptus
A
- Withdrawal
- 27% failure rate
10
Q
Fertility Awareness Methods (FAMs)
A
- Rely on avoidance of intercourse during fertile peroids
- Failure rate for 1st yr use is 24%
- FAMs combine charting menstrual cycle w/ abstinence or other contraceptive methods
> natural family planning (peroid abstinence)
> calendar rhythm method
> standard days method
> basal body temp method
> cervical mucus ovulation-detection method
> symptothermal method
> predictore test kits for ovulation
> twoday method
> breast-feeding
11
Q
Spermicides
barrier method
A
- Frequent use of N-9 or the use of N-9 during anal intercourse may incr HIV transmission and lesions
- 29% failure rate in 1st yr when used alone
12
Q
Condoms
barrier method
male
sti protection
A
- Non-spermicidal latex condoms provide barrier against STIs & HIV
- Polyurethane = thinner & stronger
- Latex perfect use better to prevent pregnancy
13
Q
Vaginal Sheath
barrier method
sti protection
A
- Can be noisy
- Cannot use concurrently w/ male condoms
- 21% failure rate 1st yr
14
Q
Diaphragm
barrier method
A
- Mechanical (device shape) and chemical barrier (holds spermicide against cervix)
- Poor choice for those w/ poor vaginal muscle tone
15
Q
Cervical Cap
barrier method
A
- Effectiveness less than that of diaphragm
- Contraindicated for those w/ abn pap test results
