Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HUBS192 > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

False pelvis

True pelvis

A

Superior
Contain GI tract
Inferior
Contains internal reproductive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lateral ends of urogential triangle

A

Ischium

On pelvic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inlet and outlet features

A

Inlet open
Outlet closed by pelvic diaphragm (supports internal organs)
Inlet > Outlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Female pelvis

A

Broader subpubic angle >100
Oval inlet
Straighter coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Male pelvis

A

Narrower <90
Heart inlet
Curved coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Perineum

A

B/w upper region of thighs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Urogenital triangle

A

Urthral opening

External genitalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anus triangle

A

Anal canal

Adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Scrotum

A

2 testes
2 epididymides
2 spermatic cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Spermatic cords

A

Ductus deferens
Nerves, lymphatics
Testicular artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Testes

A

Surrounded by dense fiborous capsule: tunica albuginea

Lobules -> seminiferous tubules -> rete testis -> ductules to epididymis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Interstital endocrine (Leydig) cells
Nurse (sertoli) cells
Spermatogenic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Interstital endocrine (Leydig) cells

A

Testosterone

Outside tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nurse (sertoli) cells

A

Inhibin

Inside tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Epididymis

A

Head, body, tail

Sperm maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ductus deferns

A

Runs behind bladder

Dilates into ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ejaculatory ducts

A

Union of ducts from seminal vesicle and ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Urethra external spincters

A

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Urethra internal spincters

A

Detrusor muslce

Closes bladder during ejaculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Retrograde ejaculation

A

Doesn’t close, sperm in bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Scrotum positioning

A

Away from body

~34 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dartos muscle - scrotum

A

Lines scrotum

Contracts = wrinkly - changes SA for heat exchange (decrease SA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cremaster muscle - scrotum

A

Contracts for heat conservation (move testes closer to body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Penis dorsal and ventral sides

A

Dorsal - closest to external surrouding

Ventral - closest to body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
3 cylindrical erectile tissue
2 corpora cavernosa | 1 corpus sponginsum
26
Corpora cavernosa
Main erectile tissue | Dorsal
27
Corpus sponginsum
Urethra Forms bulb and glands Ventral
28
Seminal vesicles
60% semen | Alkaline - protection - acidic vagina and urethra
29
Prostate gland
30% semem Slighty acidic, milky fluid PSA: prostate - specific antigen Sperm activation, viability, motility
30
Bulbourethral glands
5% semen In urogential diaphragm (skeletal muscle) Lubicates and neutralise acidity prior ejaculation
31
Vasectomy
Cut ductus deferens
32
Spermatogenesis
Formation of gametes in males From puberty onwards In seminiferous tublues
33
Spermatogenesis step 1
Spermatogenia -> 2 daughter cells via mitosis | 1 spermatogonium stays at basement membrane -> continues process
34
Spermatogenesis step 2
Other spermatogonium -> primary spermatocyte (diploid) | Meiosis 1 = 2 secondary spermatolytes (haploid)
35
Spermatogenesis step 3
Meiosis 2 = 4 spermatids (23) | Spermiogenesis - differentiates -> spermatozoa
36
Gonadotropin
Hormone that acts on gonards
37
GnRH
Hypothalamus
38
LH
Anterior pituitary | Stimulates testosterone production
39
FSH
Anterior pituitary | Stimulates inhibin production
40
FSH and testosterone
controls spermatogenesis
41
Vulva
Mons pubis Labia Vestibule Clitoris
42
Mons pubis
Front pubic symphysis | Adipose tissue
43
Labia
Major (lateral) | Minor (medial)
44
Deep labia =
Vestibular glands | Lubicate vaginal orifice
45
Clitoris
Grans, body, crura x2, bulbs x2
46
Uterine tubes
Infundibulum Ampulla Isthmus
47
Infundibulum
Finger-like projects - fimbriae | Guides oocytes into tubes
48
Ampulla
Site where fertilisation normally occurs
49
Layers of uterus
Perimetrium (connective tissue) Myometrium (smooth muscle) Endometrium
50
Endometrium
Columnar epithelium, glands, arteries Affected by menstrual cycle 2 layers upper: functional, lower: basal
51
Cervix
``` B/w uterine cavity and vagina External os Cervical canal Internal os Produce cervical mucose and regulate sperm transport ```
52
Vagina
Fibromuscular, distensible | Birth canal
53
Vaginal artery
Off internal iliac arteries
54
Urterine artery
Off internal iliac arteries | Diverge into arcuate and then radical arteries
55
Radical artery =
Straight (basal layer) and coiled (functional layer)
56
Spiral (coiled) artery
Main source - blood loss | Changed and remodelled during pregnancy (placenta)
57
Ovary
Lateral, posterior to urterus Outer - cortex (follicles) Inner - medulla (blood vessels, etc)
58
Ligaments main
Broad ligament | Fold and pressed together to form other ligaments
59
Ligament womb
Mesometrium
60
Ligament tube
Mesosalpinx
61
Ligament ovary
Mesovarium
62
Ligament supporting
Ovarian Suspensory Round
63
Broad ligament over bladder
Vesicouterine pouch
64
Broad ligament over rectum
Rectouterine pouch
65
Breasts structure
Lobes -> lobules -> alveoli -> lactiferous ducts -> lactiferous sinuses -> nipple
66
Breasts support
Suspensory ligament | On perctoralis major muscles
67
Breasts development
Estradiol & progesterone
68
Oogenesis
Formation of oocyte Lifetime produced before birth 1 ovulation = ~28 days
69
Oogonium
Stem cell
70
Follicles features
Multilayered Granulosa cells -> produce estradiol Theca cells
71
Ovulation
Oocyte + corona radiate | Released into pertioneal cavity
72
FSH
Growth ovarian follicles
73
LH
Increase = ovulation | Formation corpus luteum
74
Estradiol
Follicle growth, endometrial growth | From developing follicle
75
Inhibin
-ve feedback -> FSH
76
Progesterone
-ve GnRH Endometrial maturation, maintains pregnant state From corpus luteum
77
Menarche
1st period 12-13y Estrogen
78
Menopause
No menstraction Early 50s Decrease pro & est Increase FSH & LH
79
Coitus
Sexual intercourse
80
Intromission
Erect penis + vagina
81
Erection stimuli
Visual, mental | Stimlation of gential region down pudendal nerve
82
Erection process in penis
Parasympathetic Nitric oxide - vasodilutor - from deep arteries Fill lacunae = engorgment erectile tissue (blood)
83
Erection process in surrounding
Trabecular muscle relax | Bulbourethral fluid secreted
84
Ejaculation
Sympathetic 1) Emission 2) Expulsion
85
Emission process
``` Smooth muscle (dustus deferens) = peristaltic contractions = move sperm to ampulla Smooth muscle of ampulla, prostate gland and seminal vesicles contract = sperm in urethra ```
86
Expulsion process
Semen in urethra = afferent signals = somatic & sympathetic reflexes Urethral smooth muscle and pelvis floor contracts
87
Sympathetic reflexes of expulsion
Accessory glands Additional secretion from prostate gland & seminal vesicles Internal sphincter contracts
88
Somatic reflexes of expulsion
Bulbospongiosus muscle Contracts on bulb/root Semen ejected
89
Resolution process
Blood flow restricted Internal pudendal artery constricts and trabecular muscles contrasts Flaccid - detumescent
90
Refractory period
Duration of time a male is unable to obain an erection
91
Female arousal process
Automonic stimulation Engorgement clit, labia, vagina Lubicating fluid through vaginal wall, greater vestibular glands = mucus into vestibule Increase length, width of vagina, uterus elevates upwards Contraction of muscles (vaginal, uterine, perineal)
92
Anatomy clit vs penis
Homologous | Erectile tissue
93
Blood flow of penis
Abdominal aorta Common iliac artery Internal iliac artery Internal pudendal artery
94
Blood flow male from internal pudendal artery
To perineum and external genitalia | Penis - bulb, urethral, dorsal, deep (cavernosal)
95
Nerve suppy in penis
Pudendal nerve Sensory (touch, temp, pressure) and somatic motor innervation (stimulation of gentilia) Automatic innervation to penis via pelvic plexus (para & sym)
96
Natural contraceptions
Periodic abstinence Coitus interruptus Lactational infertility High failure rate
97
Artifical methods barriers
Caps, diaphragms Imparfect barrier + spermicidal Remain at least 6 hours after intercourse Condoms Reduce STI
98
Oral contraceptive pills
``` Estrogen + progestin Suppress ovulation (affect feedback loop) Affect mucus (prevent sperm penetration) ```
99
Progesterone - only pill
Low dose progestin | Effects cervical mucus
100
Implant
Long lasting | Disrupts follicular growth & ovulation
101
Copper IUD
Low grade inflammation Reduce sperm transport Toxic to oocyte & zygote
102
Hormonal IUD
Progestins Reduce sperm transport Affect endometrium = prevent implantation
103
Sterilisation
Tubal ligation - cut uterine tubes

HUBS192 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions