Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology 3000 > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Lobule

A

Made of small ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Non-neoplastic conditions (2)

A
  1. Fibrocystic changes (hormonally driven)

2. Inflammatory conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fibrocystic changes

A

Hormonally driven
Fibrosis -cystically dilated ducts
Pre-menopausal young adults
Very common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acute mastitis

A

Inflammatory condition
Lactating women
Can lead to abcess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fibroademona

A 
Benign tumors
20-30yo
Often self-detected lump
Biphasic tumors
Taken out surgically
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Biphasic tumors

A

Epithelial proliferation and stromal proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Carcinoma of the breast

A

Most common malignant tumor in women (1/9)
Rises from epithelium of breast ducts and lobules
Can metastasize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ductal and lobular carcinoma in situ

A

Precursor lesions
Proliferation of cancerous cells limited to the duct
No invasion through basement membrane - cannot metastasize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Risk factors of breast cancer

A 
Female > male
Family history, genes
White>African>East Asians
Post-menopausal women
Estrogen excess
Non-malignant proliferative breast changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is breast cancer diagnosed?

A

Self detection
Mammographic screening
Distant metastasis
Breast biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prognosis in breast cancer

A

Stage, tumor type, grade, ER/PR/HER2 status (treatment potential)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Breast cancer metastases

A

Most common site is to regional lymph nodes of the axilla

Can distantly metastasize to brain, liver, lung, bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tissue tupe of vulva, vagina, exocervix

A

Squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tissue type of endocervix

A

Glandular epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tissue type of myometrium

A

Smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tissue type of endometrium

A

Glandular epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tissue type of fallopian tubes

A

Ciliated, tubal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Follicles

A

Contained in ovaries

Oocytes and sex cord cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ovaries

A

Connective tissue stroma, oocytes and sex cord cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hormonal regulation of female reproductive system

A

Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hypothalamus secretions

A

Secretes GnRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pituitary secretions

A

Secretes FSH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ovarial follicle secretions

A

Secretes estrogen - ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Corpus luteum secretions

A

Secretes estrogen and progesterone

25
Q

Follicular phase

A

Characterized by rising estrogen

26
Q

Luteal phase

A

Characterized by rising estrogen and progesterone

27
Q

Phases of endometrium

A

Proliferative, secretory, menstrual (shedding)

28
Q

Bacterial infections (4)

A
  1. Neisseria gonorhea
  2. Tremponema pallidum (syphilis)
  3. Streptococcus and staphylococcus
  4. Chlamydia trachomatis
29
Q

Viral infections (2)

A
  1. Genital herpes

2. HPV

30
Q

Fungal infections

A

Candida albicans (yeast infection)

31
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Upper gynecologic tract
General term to describe inflammation/infection that ascends from lower to upper genital tract
Polymicrobial: chlamydia, gonorrhea, others
Causes inflammation, abscess formation, scarring
Can have no symptoms, pain, fever, infertility

32
Q

Endometriosis

A

Foci of endometrium found outside uterus
Most often located on ovary, pelvic peritoneum, fallopian tube, vagina
Retrograde menstrual flow
Causes cyclic pain, infertility

33
Q

Uterine fibroid

A

Very common neoplasms of smooth muscle

34
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Vulva, vagina, cervix

Many are HPV related

35
Q

Leiomyoma

A

Benign tumor of the myometrium - smooth muscle

36
Q

Tumors of the uterus (2)

A
  1. Endometrium: carcinoma

2. Myometrium: leiomyoma

37
Q

Tumors of the ovaries (3)

A
  1. Tumors of surface epithelium
  2. Germ cell tumors
  3. Sex cord stromal tumors
38
Q

Tumors of fallopian tube

A

Carcinoma

39
Q

Human Papilloma virus

A

Variety of pathologies (depending on virus type)
Infection, sometimes neoplasia
High and low risk

40
Q

Low risk HPV

A 
6 + 11
Condyloma accuminatum (warts) and low risk lesions
41
Q

High risk HPV

A

16 + 18
Premalignant lesions of cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, penis
Invasive squamous cell carcinoma

42
Q

Diagnosis on pap (5)

A
  1. Negative
  2. Atypical cells of undetermined significance
  3. LSIL
  4. HSIL
  5. Carcinoma
43
Q

Colposcopy

A

In the event of an abnormal pap

To visualize cervix for biopsy

44
Q

Endometrial adenocarcinoma

A

Related to hyperestrinism - obesity, hormone replacement therapy
May be preceded by endometrial hyperplasia
Occurs in perimenopausal, postmenopausal women

45
Q

Solitary cysts (2)

A
  1. Follicular cysts

2. Corpus luteum cyst

46
Q

Polycystic ovary syndrome (POS)

A

Associated with hormone disturbances, menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, infertility

47
Q

Tumors of surface epithelium (ovaries)

A

Malignant: serous or mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Benign: serous or mucinous cystadenoma

48
Q

Germ cell tumors (ovaries)

A 
Teratoma
Usually less than 25 yo
Arise from primordial germ cells that migrate from yolk sac in early embryogenesis
Mature embryonic tissues
Occasionally malignant
49
Q

Sex cord stromal tumors (ovaries)

A

Granulosa cell tumor

50
Q

Pregnancy

A

Fertilization (spermatozoa + oocyte in fallopian tube)
Inplantation (zygote implans in endometrium)
Placenta, fetal sac and fetus develop

51
Q

Placenta parts (3)

A
  1. Chorionic villi
  2. Maternal vessels
  3. Amniotic membranes
52
Q

Pathology of pregnancy (3)

A
  1. Fertilization problems
  2. Implantation problems
  3. Placental problems
53
Q

Fertilization problems

A

Abnormal ovum or sperm

54
Q

Implantation problems

A

PID - fallopian tube scarring

Ectopic pregnancy

55
Q

Placental problems (2)

A
  1. Placenta previa

2. Placenta accreta

56
Q

Placenta previa

A

Covers cervical os

Needs C section, bleeding during pregnancy

57
Q

Placenta accreta

A

Penetrates into uterine wall
Into myometrium, and occasionally beyond
Placenta does not separate properly at birth, may cause extensive bleeding and require surgery

58
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

Implantation outside of uterine cavity
Fallopian tube > ovary > pelvic peritonium
Often caused by scarring from PID, prior surgery, endometriosis
Pain, or rupture of fallopian tube
Medical emergency

Pathology 3000 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions