Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology 3000 > Endocrine System - Final Exam > Flashcards

Endocrine System - Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine effect

A

Hormones that are released into circulation and act on distant organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Growth hormone

A

Tissue growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone

A

For thyroid to release thyroid homrone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ACTH

A

Acts on adrenal gland to make cortical homrones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

FSH

A

Acts on testes and ovary
(Sperm, testosterone)
(Ova, estrogen, progesterone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

LH

A

Acts on testes and ovary
(Sperm, testosterone)
(Ova, estrogen, progesterone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PRL

A

Acts on breast glandular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Oxytocin

A

Lactation

Uterine contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ADH

A

Kidney

Water reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Major diseases of endocrine system classifications (3)

A
  1. Hyperfunction
  2. Hypofunction
  3. Tumours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hyposecretion of hormones (3)

A
  1. Agenesis
  2. Atrophy
  3. Destruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypersecretion of hormones (2)

A
  1. Tumour

2. Hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pituitary diseases (3)

A
  1. Pituitary hyperfunction
  2. Pituitary hypofunction
  3. Localized mass (causing compression of optic chiasm and basal portion of brain)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pituitary tumours (4)

A
  1. Prolactinoma
  2. Somatotropic ademona
  3. Corticotropic ademona
  4. Non-functioning tumours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Prolactimona

A

Amenorrhea and galactorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Somatotropic ademona

A

Acromegaly (post-pubertal patient)
or
Gigantism (prepubertal patient)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Corticotropic adenoma

A

Cushing disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Causes of pituitary hypofunction (3)

A
  1. Acute postpartum pituitary insufficiency
  2. Tumours that compress the pituitary
  3. Trauma to base of skull or intracranial surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Acute postpartum pituitary insufficiency

A

Sheehan’s syndrome

Due to ischemia related post-partum pituitary necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Panhypopituitarism

A

Decreased production of all pituitary hormones

General weakness, cold intolerance, poor appetite, weight loss, hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Diseases of posterior pituitary (1)

A
  1. Diabetes insipidus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Lack of antidiuretic hormone

Polyuria (hypotonic urine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Causes of diseases of posterior pituitary (4)

A
  1. Tumours
  2. Infections of brain or meninges
  3. intracranial hemorrhage
  4. Trauma or bones at base of skull or transection of pituitary stalk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Thyroid disease (4)

A
  1. Hyperthyroidism
  2. Hypothyroidism
  3. Goiter
  4. Thyroid tumours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A 
Excess of free thyroid hormones in blood
More often seen in women
Thyroid is warm, nodular, diffusely enlarged
Hyperactive
Diarrhea
Warm/sweaty skin
Restlessness
Nervousness
Emotional lability
Muscle trmous
Tachycardia
Weightloss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Causes of hyperthyroidism (5)

A
  1. Grave’s disease
  2. Idiopathic nodular hyperplasia
  3. Adenoma
  4. Exogenous thyroid (ingestion)
  5. Medication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Grave’s disease

A

Autoantibodies to TSH receptor on surface of thyroid follicle cells
Usual clinical features of hyperthyroidism + exophthalmos and pretibial edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Bulging eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Goiter of thyroid

A

Nodular goiter
Nodules that enlarge and deform the thyroid
Secondary changes
Most are non-toxic (euthryoid)
Symptoms (hoarseness and cough) are related to compression of larynx

30
Q

Causes of nodular goiter (2)

A
  1. Iodine deficiency

2. Idiopathic

31
Q

Causes of hypothyroidism (4)

A
  1. Developmental disorders
  2. Thyroiditis
  3. Thyroidectomy
  4. Iodine deficiency
32
Q

Developmental disorders causing hypothyroidism

A

Aplasia of thyroid

33
Q

Hashimoto’s disease

A

Thyroiditis

Immune disease

34
Q

Hypothyroidism in children

A

Thyroid dwarfism and mental retardation (cretinism)

35
Q

Hypothyroidism in adults (5)

A
  1. Myxedema (doughlike puffy skin)
  2. Heart failure (bradycardia)
  3. Constipation
  4. Cold intolerance
  5. Muscle weakness
36
Q

Thyroid neoplasms (2)

A
  1. Benign tumours

2. Malignant tumours

37
Q

Benign tumours of thyroid

A

Follicular adenoma

38
Q

Follicular adenoma

A

Common, occuring in 3-4% of all adults

Limited significance

39
Q

Malignant tumours of thyroid (4)

A
  1. Papillary carcinoma
  2. Follicular carcinoma
  3. Medullary carcinoma
  4. Anaplastic carcinoma
40
Q

Papillary carcinoma

A

80% of all malignant thyroid tumours

Low grade with favourable prognosis

41
Q

Follicular carcinoma

A

Relatively good prognosis

42
Q

Medullary carcinoma

A

Derived from C-cells

Produces calcitonin

43
Q

Anaplastic carcinoma

A

Most patients due within 1 year of diagnosis

44
Q

Calcitonin

A

Reduces blood calcium

45
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Increases blood calcium

46
Q

Disease of parathyroid glands (2)

A
  1. Hyperparathyroidism

2. Hypoparathyroidism

47
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Primary and secondary

48
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism

A

Dye to parathyroid hyperplasia or neoplasia

49
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Due to chronic renal failure

50
Q

Parathyroid hyperplasia

A

Primary or secondary

51
Q

Primary parathyroid hyperplasia

A

All glands become bigger

52
Q

Secondary parathyroid hyperplasia

A

If kidneys are in trouble, Calcium levels are low

Stimulating parathyroid gland to increase parathyroid hormone

53
Q

Consequences of hyperparathyroidism (2)

A

Stones, bones, moans and groans

  1. Bone resorption
  2. Indirectly stimulates Ca absorption in intestine (hypercalcemia)
54
Q

Hypercalcemia (3)

A
  1. Renal stones
  2. Psychiatric manifestations (moans)
  3. Stomach ulcers (groans)
55
Q

Parathyroid neoplasia

A
  1. Ademona (selective for nodules)

2. Carcinoma (selective for nodules, invasive)

56
Q

Diseases of adrenal cortex (3)

A
  1. Adrenal hyperfunction
  2. Adrenal hypofunction
  3. Nonfunctioning adrenal tumours
57
Q

Adrenal hyperfunction (3)

A
  1. Hyperaldosteronism
  2. Hypercortisolism
  3. Adrenogenital syndrome
58
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

Conn’s syndrome

Zona glomerulosa

59
Q

Hypercortisolism

A

Cushing’s SYNDROME - primary due to adrenal

Zona fasciculata

60
Q

Adrenogenital synfrome

A

Zona reticularis

61
Q

Causes of hypercortisolism (4)

A
  1. Adrenal adenoma
  2. Adrenal hyperplasia (Cushing’s disease)
  3. Adrenal carcinoma
  4. Exogenous cortisol
62
Q

Clinical features of Cushing’s syndrome

A 
Moon faces
Obesity
Cutaneous striae
Emotional instability
Buffalo hump
Osteoporosis
Muscle wasting
63
Q

Adrenocortical hypofunction

A

Acute or chronic

64
Q

Acute adrenal insufficiency

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome in menigococcal sepsis

65
Q

Chronic adrenal insufficiency

A

Addison’s disease

66
Q

Addison’s disease caused by (4)

A

Chronic adrenal insufficiency

  1. Autoimmune diseases (most common)
  2. Tumours (bilateral metastases to adrenals)
  3. Tuberculosis
  4. Amyloidosis
67
Q

Symptoms of Addison’s disease

A 
Fatigue
Weigh loss
Nausea
Hypotensive and have frequent syncope
Susceptible to recurrent infections
68
Q

Tumours of Adrenal Medulla (2)

A
  1. Neuroblastoma

2. Pheochromocytoma

69
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

Tumours of neuroblasts (most commonly adrenal gland) in children
Malignant

70
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

Tumour of adrenal medulla in adults
Mostly benign, malignant in 10%
Solitary tymours that secrete EN and NE
VMA found in urine - important for diagnosis

71
Q

Symptoms of pheochromocytoma (6)

A
  1. Malignant hypertension
  2. Sudden heart palpitations
  3. Sudden attacks of dizziness
  4. Blurred vision
  5. Excruciating headaches
  6. Increased catecholamines in urine

Pathology 3000 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions