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Anatomy > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

the function of the female reproductive system is to ensure continuity of the _.

A

Genetic code

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2
Q

it produces eggs, or female _, which each may unite with a male gamete to form the first cell of an offspring.

A

Gametes

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3
Q

it can also provide _ and protection to the offspring.

A

Nutrition

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4
Q

reproductive organs are classified as _ or accessory.

A

Essential

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5
Q

the essential organs are the female gonads, the _.

A

Ovaries

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6
Q

internal _ that ended from the ovaries to the exterior are _.

A

Genitals; vulva

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7
Q

external genitals are the _.

A

Vulva

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8
Q

additional _ such as the mammary glands.

A

Sex glands

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9
Q

the perineum is the skin covered region between the _ orifice and the rectum.

A

Vaginal

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10
Q

this area may be _ during childbirth.

A

Ripped

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11
Q

the ovaries are _ glands located on each side of the uterus, below and behind the uterine tubes.

A

Nodular

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12
Q

_ pregnancy is the development of the fetus in a place other than the uterus.

A

Ectopic

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13
Q

the surface of the ovaries is covered by the _ epithelium.

A

Germinal

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14
Q

ovarian _ contain the developing female sex cells.

A

Follicles

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15
Q

ovum is an _ released from the ovary.

A

Oocyte

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16
Q

ovaries produce _ (the female gametes)

A

Ova

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17
Q

_ is the process that results in formation of a mature egg.

A

Oogenisis

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18
Q

the ovaries are endocrine organs that secrete the female _ hormones estrogen and progesterone.

A

Sex

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19
Q

the uterus is pear shaped and has two main parts: the _ and the body.

A

Cervix

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20
Q

the wall of the uterus is composed of three layers: the inner _, the middle myometrium, and the outer layer of parietal peritonium.

A

Endometrium

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21
Q

cavities of the uterus are small because of the _ of the uterine walls.

A

Thickness

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22
Q

the blood to the uterus is supplied by _ arteries.

A

Uterine

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23
Q

the uterus is located in the pelvic cavity between the urinary _ and the rectum.

A

Bladder

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24
Q

the _ of the uterus is altered by age, pregnancy, and distension of related pelvic viscera.

A

Position

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25
Q

the uterus _, between birth and puberty, from the lower abdomen to the true pelvis.

A

Descends

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26
Q

the uterus begins to decrease in size at _.

A

Menopause

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27
Q

_ lies flexed over the bladder.

A

Body

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28
Q

cervix points downward and backward, joining the vagina at a _ angle

A

Right

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29
Q

several _ hold the uterus in place but allow some movement.

A

Ligaments

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30
Q

the uterus is part of the reproductive tract and permits _ to ascend toward the uterine tubes.

A

Sperm

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31
Q

if _ occurs, an offspring develops in the uterus.

A

Conception

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32
Q

the _ is supplied with nutrients by endometrial glands until the production of the placenta.

A

Embryo

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33
Q

the _ is an organ that permits the exchange of materials between the mother’s blood and the fetal blood but keeps the two circulations separate.

A

Placenta

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34
Q

_ contractions occur during labor and help push the offspring out of the mother’s body.

A

Myometeial

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35
Q

if conception does not occur, outer layers of endometrium are shed during _.

A

Menstration

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36
Q

menstruation is a cyclical event that allows the endometrium to _ itself.

A

Renew

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37
Q

uterine tubers are also called _ tubes, or oviducts.

A

Fallopian

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38
Q

uterine tubes consist of mucous, smooth muscle, and _ lining.

A

Uterine

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39
Q

mucosal lining is directly continuous with the _ lining the pelvic cavity.

A

Peritoneum

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40
Q

tubal _ is continuous with that of the vagina and uterus, which means it may become infected with organisms introduced into the vagina.

A

Mucosa

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41
Q

each uterine tube has three divisions: _, amuplla, and infundibulum.

A

Isthmus

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42
Q

function of the uterine tubes serve as transport channels for ova and as the site of _.

A

Fertilization

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43
Q

the vagina is a collapsible tube capable of distention, composed of smooth muscle, and lined with mucous membrane arranged in _.

A

Rugae

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44
Q

the anterior wall is _ that the posterior wall because the cervix protrudes into its uppermost portion.

A

Shorter

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45
Q

the vagina acts as a receptacle for _.

A

Semen

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46
Q

the vagina is the lower portion of the _.

A

Birth canal

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47
Q

the vagina is a transport for tissue _ during menstruation.

A

Shed

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48
Q

the vulva consists of the female external genitals: mons, pubis, _ majora, labia minora, clitoris, urinary meatus, vaginal orifice, and greater vestibular glands.

A

Labia

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49
Q

the _ and labia protect the clitoris and vestibule

A

Mons pubis

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50
Q

the _ contains sensory receptors that send information to the sexual response area of the brain.

A

clitoris.

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51
Q

the breasts lie over the _ muscles.

A

Pectoral

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52
Q

_ and progesterone control breast development

A

Estrogens

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53
Q

breast size is determined by the amount of _ around glandular tissue

A

Fat

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54
Q

the function of mammary glands is _.

A

Lactation

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55
Q

the _ hormones make the breasts structurally ready to produce milk

A

Ovarian

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56
Q

shedding of the placenta results in a decrease of estrogens and thus stimulates _.

A

Prolactin

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57
Q

prolactin stimulates _

A

Lactation

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58
Q

lactation can provide nutrient-rich _ to offspring for up to several years from birth; some advantages are: _, passive _ from antibodies present in the milk, emotional _ between mother and child.

A

Milk; nutrients; immunities; bonding

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59
Q

the female reproductive system has many cyclical changes that start with the beginning of _.

A

Menses

60
Q

ovarian cycle- ovaries from birth contain ooctytes in primary follicles in which the _ process has been suspended, at the beginning of mestration each month, several of the oocytes resume meiosis.

A

Meiotic

61
Q

_ (endometrial cycle) is divided into four phases.

A

Menstrual cycle

62
Q

menses- shedding of the _ lining.

A

Endometrial

63
Q

_ phase: end of menses to _, _ phase, high _ due to developing follicle.

A

Postmenstrual; ovulation; preovulatory; estrogen

64
Q

ovulation (release of _)

A

Ovum

65
Q

_ phase: between ovulation and _ of menses, _ phase, high levels of _.

A

Premenstrual; onset; postovulatory; progesterone

66
Q

_ control cyclical changes.

A

Hormones

67
Q

cyclical changes in the ovaries result from changes in the _ secreted by the pituitary gland.

A

Gonadotrophins

68
Q

cyclical changes in the uterus are caused by changes in estrogens and _.

A

Progesterone

69
Q

low levels of FSH and LH cause regression of the _ if pregnancy doesn’t occur. this causes a decrease in ednometrial _ of the menstrual phase

A

Corpus luteum; sloughing

70
Q

the ovarian cycle’s primary function is to produce ovum at _.

A

Regular intervals

71
Q

its secondary function is to regulate the _ through the estrogen and progesterone.

A

Endometrial cycle

72
Q

the function of the endometrial cycle is to make the uterus suitable for _ of a new offspring.

A

Implantation

73
Q

menstrual flow begins at puberty, and the menstrual cycle continues for about _ decades.

A

3-4

74
Q

dysmenorrhea (_ menstration) is primary _, and not associated with pelvic _.

A

Painful; dysmenorrhea; disease

75
Q

dysmenorrhea is often caused by over secretion of uteral _.

A

Prostaglandins

76
Q

secondary dysmenorrhea: caused by _ condition like infection, tumor, or structural anomaly.

A

extenuating

77
Q

_: absence of normal menstruation

A

amenorrhea

78
Q

dysfunctional uterine bleeding: when bleeding results from _ rather than infection or other type disease.

A

Hormone imbalance

79
Q

_ disease (PID)

A

Pelvic inflammatory

80
Q

_: uterine tube inflammation

A

Salpingitis

81
Q

_: inflammation of the ovaries

A

Oophritis

82
Q

_

A

Vaginitis

83
Q

_: benign tumor of smooth muscle

A

Myoma

84
Q

_: _-benign tumor of connective tissues

A

Fibromyoma; fibroids

85
Q

_: cells from the lining of the uterus, endometrium, grow outside the uterine cavity, most commonly on the membrane which lines the abdominal cavity, the peritoneum

A

Endometriosis

86
Q

_ cancer.

A

Cervical

87
Q

Sexually transmitted diseases _.

A

STD’s

88
Q

male reproductive system consists of organs whose functions are to produce, transfer, and introduce mature _ into the female reproductive tract where fertilization can occur.

A

Sperm

89
Q

male reproductive organs are classified as essential organs for production of _ or accessory organs that support the reproductive process.

A

Gametes

90
Q

_ organs are the gonads of the male (testes)

A

Essential

91
Q

_ organs of reproduction are _ which convey sperm to outside of the body.

A

accessory; genital ducts

92
Q

accessory _ produce secretions that nourish, transport, and mature sperm

A

Glands

93
Q

supporting structures (_ and penis)

A

Scrotum

94
Q

_ in males is roughly the diamond shaped area between the thighs.

A

Perineum

95
Q

several lobules composed of seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells (cells of _)

A

Leydig

96
Q

_ in testis open into a plexus which is drained by a series of efferent ducts.

A

Seminiferous tubules

97
Q

located in _.

A

Scrotum

98
Q

_- formation of mature male gametes (spermatozoa) by seminiferous tubules

A

Spermatogenisis

99
Q

secretion of hormone (testosterone) by _.

A

Interstitial cells

100
Q

the _ are single tightly _ enclosed in fibrous casting,

A

Epididymis; coiled tube

101
Q

the _ lies along _ and side of each testis

A

Epididymis; top

102
Q

the _ is a duct for _

A

Epididymis; seminal fluid

103
Q

the _ is also _ part of seminal fluid

A

Epididymis; seminal fluid

104
Q

sperm become capable of _ while they are passing through the epididymis.

A

Motility

105
Q

_ (ductus deferens)

A

Vas deferens

106
Q

tube that leaves the _ and extends through _ canal, into abdominal cavity, and then over the top and down the posterior surface of the bladder.

A

Epididymis

107
Q

enlarged terminal portion called _ joins duct of seminal vesicle.

A

Inguinal

108
Q

one of the _ for the seminal fluid

A

Excretory ducts

109
Q

connects epididymis with _.

A

Ejaculatory du the

110
Q

ejaculatory duct is formed by union of _ with duct from seminal vesicle.

A

Vas deferens

111
Q

passes through _ gland, terminating in urethra,

A

Prostate

112
Q

_.

A

Urethra

113
Q

_ is convoluted _ on posterior surface of bladder.

A

Seminal vesicles; pouches

114
Q

secrete the _ part of seminal fluid (60%)

A

Viscous

115
Q

_ encircles _ just below bladder and adds _ secretion to seminal fluid (31%)

A

Prostate gland; urethra; alkaline

116
Q

the _ gland is small, _ structure with ducts leading into urethra.

A

Bulbourtheral; pea shaped

117
Q

lies_ prostate gland

A

Below

118
Q

also secretes an alkaline fluid that is part of semen _.

A

5%

119
Q

the scrotum is _ suspended from perineal region.

A

a skin covered pouch

120
Q

contains testis, epididymis, and lower part of a _ cord.

A

Spermatic

121
Q

_ and _ muscles elevate the scrotal pouch

A

Dartos; cremaster

122
Q

_ is composed of three cylindrical masses of _, one of which contains urethra

A

; Erectile tissue

123
Q

is the _ for both urinary and reproductive tracts.

A

Terminal duct

124
Q

_ is fibrous _ located in inguinal canals

A

spermatic cords; cylinders

125
Q

enclose seminal ducts, blood vessels, lymphatics and _.

A

Nerves

126
Q

consists of _ from testes, epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulborurethral glands.

A

Secretions

127
Q

each milliliter contains _ of sperm.

A

Millions

128
Q

passes from testes through _, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra.

A

Epididymis

129
Q

male _ is related to many factors, for example sperm number, size, shape, motility and by antibodies some men make against their own sperm.

A

Infertility

130
Q

development of organs begins before birth; immature testes _ into scrotum before or shortly after birth.

A

Descend

131
Q

at _ high levels of hormones stimulate final stages of development and reproductive functions begin at this time.

A

Puberty

132
Q

system operates to permit reproduction until _ old age

A

Advanced

133
Q

in late adulthood there is a gradual _ in hormone production that may decrease sexual appetite and fertility.

A

Decline

134
Q

infertility ( low ability to reproduce) and _ (inability to reproduce)

A

Sterility

135
Q

_- disruption of the sperm-producing function of the seminiferous tubules

A

Oligospermia

136
Q

can result from infection, fever, radiation, malnutrition, and _ of the testes.

A

High temperature

137
Q

leading cause of _.

A

Infertility

138
Q

_- failure of the testes to descend

A

Cryptorchidism

139
Q

testicular cancer- most common in men _ years old

A

20-35

140
Q

benign prostatic _ - enlargement of the prostate gland

A

Hypertrophy

141
Q

prostate _

A

Cancer

142
Q

_-foreskin fits too tightly

A

Phimosis

143
Q

_- inability to have an erection

A

Impotence

144
Q

_- scrotal swelling due to accumulation of fluid

A

Hydrocele

145
Q

inguinal hernia- _ protrude into scrotum

A

Intestines

Anatomy (9 decks)

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