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Anatomy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

the digestive system prepares food for _____ and utilization by all the cells of the body.

A

absorbsion

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2
Q

the food material that isn’t absorbed becomes ____ that is eliminated.

A

feces.

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3
Q

digestion depends on both endocrine and exocrine secretions and the controlled movement of ingested food materials from the _____ tract.

A

gastrointestinal.

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4
Q

the main organs of the digestive system form the GI tract as it extends through the _____ cavity.

A

aminopelvic.

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5
Q

ingested food material passing through the lumen of the GI tract is _____ the internal enviornment of the body.

A

outside.

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6
Q

GI tract is made of four layers of tissue; mucosa, _____, muscularis and serosa.

A

submucosa

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7
Q

layers of the GI tract have various _____ to enable it to perform digestive functions.

A

modifications.

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8
Q

in the buccal cavity, there are two pallets; _____ and _____.

A

hard and soft

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9
Q

the hard palate consists of portions of four bones; two _ and two palatines.

A

maxillae

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10
Q

the soft palate forms partition between the mouth and the nasopharynx and is made of muscle arranged in an _____.

A

arch.

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11
Q

the _____ is suspended from the soft palate arch and closes the nasopharynx while swallowing.

A

uvula

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12
Q

_ glands are the largest of the paired salivary glands

A

Parotid

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13
Q

Parotid glands produce watery saliva containing _.

A

Enzymes.

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14
Q

_ glands contain enzyme and mucous producing elements

A

Submandibular

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15
Q

_ glands are the smallest of the salivary glands and produce w mucous type of saliva

A

Sublinguinal

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16
Q

_ teeth are the 20 baby teeth which appear early in life

A

Deciduous

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17
Q

Permanent teeth are the _ teeth which replace the deciduous teeth

A

32

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18
Q

The pharynx us the tube which a _ passes when moved from mouth to esophagus by the process of deglutition.

A

Bolus

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19
Q

The _ is the tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach.

A

Esophagus.

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20
Q

The esophagus is the _ segment of the digestive tube.

A

First.

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21
Q

The size of the stomach varies according to factors such as gender and amount of _.

A

Distension

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22
Q

When no _ is in the stomach, the stomach is about the size of a large sausage.

A

Food.

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23
Q

In adults, max capacity of the stomach ranges from 1-1.5 _.

A

Liters.

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24
Q

_ muscles are circular fibers arranged so that there is an opening in the center when relaxed and no opening when contracted.

A

Sphincter

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25
Q

_ sphincter controls the opening of the esophagus into the stomach

A

Cardiac

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26
Q

_ sphincter controls the outlet of the pyloric portion of the stomach into the duodenum

A

Pyloric

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27
Q

In the gastric mucosa, the _ glands secrete most of the gastric juice.

A

Gastric

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28
Q

The _ cells are secretory cells found in the gastric glands that secrete the enzymes of gastric juice

A

Chief

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29
Q

The _ cells are secretory cells found in the gastric glands, and the secrete hydrochloric acid and the intristic factor which is needed for B12 absorbsion.

A

Parietal

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30
Q

The gastric muscular is a thick layer of muscle with three distinct sub layers of smooth muscle tissue arranged in a _ pattern.

A

Crisscrossing.

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31
Q

This crisscrossing pattern allows the stomach to contract slowly at many _.

A

Angles.

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32
Q

The stomach is a _ for food until it is partially digested and moved further along the GI tract.

A

Reservoir.

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33
Q

The stomach secretes _ juice to aid in digestion of food.

A

Gastric

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34
Q

The stomach breaks food into small _ and mixes them with gastric juice

A

Particles

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35
Q

The stomach secretes _ factor.

A

Intrinsic

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36
Q

there is _____ absorbsion in the stomach.

A

limited

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37
Q

the stomach produces _

A

gastrin

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38
Q

the stomach helps protect body from _ bacteria swallowed with food.

A

pathogenic

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39
Q

the small intestine is a tube apporximatley 2.5 cm in diameter and _ meters in length.

A

6

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40
Q

coiled small intestine loops fill most of the _ cavity.

A

abdominal

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41
Q

the _ is the uppermost division.

A

duodenum

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42
Q

the duodenum is _ cm long.

A

25

43
Q

the duodenum is shaped like the letter _.

A

C.

44
Q

the _ is the middle layer that is appoximatley 2.5 meters lond.

A

Jejunum.

45
Q

the _ is the lowermost part division and is about 3.5 meters long.

A

ilium.

46
Q

intestinal lining has _ with villi.

A

plicae

47
Q

_ are important modifications of the mucosal layer.

A

villi

48
Q

each _ contains an arteriole, venule and lacteal.

A

villus

49
Q

the villus are covered by a _ made up of 1700 ultrafine microvilli per cell

A

brush border

50
Q

villi and microvilli increase the _ of the small intestine hundreds of times.

A

surface area

51
Q

the large intestine is also referred to as the _

A

colon

52
Q

the diameter of the large intestine is _ cm and the length is _ meters.

A

6; 1.5

53
Q

the large intestine plays a major role in _ reabsorbsion

A

water

54
Q

the veriform appendix is an _ organ of the digestive system

A

accessory

55
Q

the appendix is around _ cm in length.

A

10

56
Q

the appendix communicates with the _.

A

cecum

57
Q

the appendix houses normal _

A

flora

58
Q

the _ is a large continuous sheet of serous membrane

A

peritoneum

59
Q

the peritoneum is made of parietal and _ layers

A

visceral

60
Q

the mesentary is the projection of the _ peritoneum

A

parietal

61
Q

the mesentary allows free movement of each coil of the intestine and helps prevent _ of the intestines.

A

strangulation

62
Q

the _ is the largest gland of the body

A

liver

63
Q

the liver lies under the _

A

diaphram

64
Q

the liver occupies most of the right _

A

hypochondrium

65
Q

the liver is also a part of the _

A

epigastrium

66
Q

the liver is involved in _- ingested toxic substances and toxic substances formed in the intestines may be changed to nontoxic substances by liver cells

A

detoxification

67
Q

_ secreted by the liver

A

bile

68
Q

bile salts are formed in the liver from _ and are the most essential part of bile

A

cholesterol

69
Q

liver cells secrete approximately _ pint of bile per day

A

one

70
Q

liver metabolism carries out numerous important steps in the _ of proteins, fats and carbohydrates

A

metabolising

71
Q

the liver has storage of substances such as _ and some _

A

iron; vitamins

72
Q

the liver has production of important plasma proteins like _ and fibrinogen

A

albumin

73
Q

the gallbladder is a pear shaped sac about _ cm long.

A

10

74
Q

the gallbladder holds _ mL of bile

A

30-50

75
Q

the gallbladder lies on the undersurface of the _.

A

liver

76
Q

the gallbladder stores_.

A

bile

77
Q

the concentration of bile fivefold to _

A

tenfold

78
Q

the gallbladder ejects the concentrated bile into the _

A

duodenum

79
Q

the pancreas is a gray and pink colored _

A

gland

80
Q

the pancreas is a _ pancake looking gland that is around _ cm long.

A

15

81
Q

the pancreas runs from the duodenum, behind the stomach, to the _

A

spleen

82
Q

the pancreas has _ that secrete digestive enzymes

A

acinar units

83
Q

the pancreas has beta cells that secrete _

A

insulin

84
Q

the pancreas has alpha cells that secrete _

A

glucagogns

85
Q

in infant digestive systems, there is immature intestinal _

A

mucosa

86
Q

intact proteins can pass through epithelial cells lining the tract and trigger _ response

A

allergic

87
Q

_ affects infants who lack the enzyme lactase

A

lactose intolerance

88
Q

_ are a virus in the salivary parotid gland

A

mumps

89
Q

_ is more common in adolescents and then decreases with advancing age

A

appendicitis

90
Q

in middle age, _ and gallbladder disease are more common

A

ulcers

91
Q

in old age, decrease digestive fluids and slowing of peristalsis lead to constipation and _

A

diverticulosis

92
Q

the primary function of digestive system is to bring essential _ into the internal enviornment so that they are available to each cell of the body

A

nutrients

93
Q

mechanisms used to accomplish primary function of the digestive system are ingestion and _

A

digestion

94
Q

_ of GI wall- physically breaks down large chunks of food material and moves food along the tract

A

motility

95
Q

secretion of digestive _ allows chemical digestion

A

enzymes

96
Q

_- movement of nutrients through the GI mucosa into the internal enviorment

A

absorbsion

97
Q

_- excretion of material that is not absorbed

A

elimination

98
Q

_ digestion- movements of the digestive tract

A

mechanical

99
Q

change ingested food from large particles into _ particles, facilitating chemical digestion

A

minute

100
Q

_ contents of the GI lumen to mix with digestive juices and allow the food to come into contact with the surface of the intestinal mucosa, facilitating absorbsion

A

churn

101
Q

propels food along the _ eliminating digestive waste from the body

A

alimentary tract

102
Q

_ is chewing movements

A

mastication

103
Q

_ is the process of swallowing

A

deglutition

Anatomy (9 decks)

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