Digestive System Flashcards
the digestive system prepares food for _____ and utilization by all the cells of the body.
absorbsion
the food material that isn’t absorbed becomes ____ that is eliminated.
feces.
digestion depends on both endocrine and exocrine secretions and the controlled movement of ingested food materials from the _____ tract.
gastrointestinal.
the main organs of the digestive system form the GI tract as it extends through the _____ cavity.
aminopelvic.
ingested food material passing through the lumen of the GI tract is _____ the internal enviornment of the body.
outside.
GI tract is made of four layers of tissue; mucosa, _____, muscularis and serosa.
submucosa
layers of the GI tract have various _____ to enable it to perform digestive functions.
modifications.
in the buccal cavity, there are two pallets; _____ and _____.
hard and soft
the hard palate consists of portions of four bones; two _ and two palatines.
maxillae
the soft palate forms partition between the mouth and the nasopharynx and is made of muscle arranged in an _____.
arch.
the _____ is suspended from the soft palate arch and closes the nasopharynx while swallowing.
uvula
_ glands are the largest of the paired salivary glands
Parotid
Parotid glands produce watery saliva containing _.
Enzymes.
_ glands contain enzyme and mucous producing elements
Submandibular
_ glands are the smallest of the salivary glands and produce w mucous type of saliva
Sublinguinal
_ teeth are the 20 baby teeth which appear early in life
Deciduous
Permanent teeth are the _ teeth which replace the deciduous teeth
32
The pharynx us the tube which a _ passes when moved from mouth to esophagus by the process of deglutition.
Bolus
The _ is the tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach.
Esophagus.
The esophagus is the _ segment of the digestive tube.
First.
The size of the stomach varies according to factors such as gender and amount of _.
Distension
When no _ is in the stomach, the stomach is about the size of a large sausage.
Food.
In adults, max capacity of the stomach ranges from 1-1.5 _.
Liters.
_ muscles are circular fibers arranged so that there is an opening in the center when relaxed and no opening when contracted.
Sphincter
_ sphincter controls the opening of the esophagus into the stomach
Cardiac
_ sphincter controls the outlet of the pyloric portion of the stomach into the duodenum
Pyloric
In the gastric mucosa, the _ glands secrete most of the gastric juice.
Gastric
The _ cells are secretory cells found in the gastric glands that secrete the enzymes of gastric juice
Chief
The _ cells are secretory cells found in the gastric glands, and the secrete hydrochloric acid and the intristic factor which is needed for B12 absorbsion.
Parietal
The gastric muscular is a thick layer of muscle with three distinct sub layers of smooth muscle tissue arranged in a _ pattern.
Crisscrossing.
This crisscrossing pattern allows the stomach to contract slowly at many _.
Angles.
The stomach is a _ for food until it is partially digested and moved further along the GI tract.
Reservoir.
The stomach secretes _ juice to aid in digestion of food.
Gastric
The stomach breaks food into small _ and mixes them with gastric juice
Particles
The stomach secretes _ factor.
Intrinsic
there is _____ absorbsion in the stomach.
limited
the stomach produces _
gastrin
the stomach helps protect body from _ bacteria swallowed with food.
pathogenic
the small intestine is a tube apporximatley 2.5 cm in diameter and _ meters in length.
6
coiled small intestine loops fill most of the _ cavity.
abdominal
the _ is the uppermost division.
duodenum
the duodenum is _ cm long.
25
the duodenum is shaped like the letter _.
C.
the _ is the middle layer that is appoximatley 2.5 meters lond.
Jejunum.
the _ is the lowermost part division and is about 3.5 meters long.
ilium.
intestinal lining has _ with villi.
plicae
_ are important modifications of the mucosal layer.
villi
each _ contains an arteriole, venule and lacteal.
villus
the villus are covered by a _ made up of 1700 ultrafine microvilli per cell
brush border
villi and microvilli increase the _ of the small intestine hundreds of times.
surface area
the large intestine is also referred to as the _
colon
the diameter of the large intestine is _ cm and the length is _ meters.
6; 1.5
the large intestine plays a major role in _ reabsorbsion
water
the veriform appendix is an _ organ of the digestive system
accessory
the appendix is around _ cm in length.
10
the appendix communicates with the _.
cecum
the appendix houses normal _
flora
the _ is a large continuous sheet of serous membrane
peritoneum
the peritoneum is made of parietal and _ layers
visceral
the mesentary is the projection of the _ peritoneum
parietal
the mesentary allows free movement of each coil of the intestine and helps prevent _ of the intestines.
strangulation
the _ is the largest gland of the body
liver
the liver lies under the _
diaphram
the liver occupies most of the right _
hypochondrium
the liver is also a part of the _
epigastrium
the liver is involved in _- ingested toxic substances and toxic substances formed in the intestines may be changed to nontoxic substances by liver cells
detoxification
_ secreted by the liver
bile
bile salts are formed in the liver from _ and are the most essential part of bile
cholesterol
liver cells secrete approximately _ pint of bile per day
one
liver metabolism carries out numerous important steps in the _ of proteins, fats and carbohydrates
metabolising
the liver has storage of substances such as _ and some _
iron; vitamins
the liver has production of important plasma proteins like _ and fibrinogen
albumin
the gallbladder is a pear shaped sac about _ cm long.
10
the gallbladder holds _ mL of bile
30-50
the gallbladder lies on the undersurface of the _.
liver
the gallbladder stores_.
bile
the concentration of bile fivefold to _
tenfold
the gallbladder ejects the concentrated bile into the _
duodenum
the pancreas is a gray and pink colored _
gland
the pancreas is a _ pancake looking gland that is around _ cm long.
15
the pancreas runs from the duodenum, behind the stomach, to the _
spleen
the pancreas has _ that secrete digestive enzymes
acinar units
the pancreas has beta cells that secrete _
insulin
the pancreas has alpha cells that secrete _
glucagogns
in infant digestive systems, there is immature intestinal _
mucosa
intact proteins can pass through epithelial cells lining the tract and trigger _ response
allergic
_ affects infants who lack the enzyme lactase
lactose intolerance
_ are a virus in the salivary parotid gland
mumps
_ is more common in adolescents and then decreases with advancing age
appendicitis
in middle age, _ and gallbladder disease are more common
ulcers
in old age, decrease digestive fluids and slowing of peristalsis lead to constipation and _
diverticulosis
the primary function of digestive system is to bring essential _ into the internal enviornment so that they are available to each cell of the body
nutrients
mechanisms used to accomplish primary function of the digestive system are ingestion and _
digestion
_ of GI wall- physically breaks down large chunks of food material and moves food along the tract
motility
secretion of digestive _ allows chemical digestion
enzymes
_- movement of nutrients through the GI mucosa into the internal enviorment
absorbsion
_- excretion of material that is not absorbed
elimination
_ digestion- movements of the digestive tract
mechanical
change ingested food from large particles into _ particles, facilitating chemical digestion
minute
_ contents of the GI lumen to mix with digestive juices and allow the food to come into contact with the surface of the intestinal mucosa, facilitating absorbsion
churn
propels food along the _ eliminating digestive waste from the body
alimentary tract
_ is chewing movements
mastication
_ is the process of swallowing
deglutition
